Your question noted that there's a 50/50 chance of getting a changeling if they mate with a human...but it's not just human. It's any humanoid. Changelings can reproduce with literally any creature with the Humanoid Type, and there is a 50/50 chance of getting a Changeling, or getting whatever the other parent was.
The short version is that a Changeling can shapeshift to a form that can produce sperm to impregnate someone, and can shapeshift to a form with a uterus and eggs to get pregnant, but a pregnant Changeling cannot shapechange to a form without a uterus without ending the pregnancy.
Changelings are born into one of two paths. They may be born to two changeling parents, and raised with full understanding and acceptance of their nature from birth. Or they may be born to a mixed parentage, in which case they are often taught to conceal their true nature.
Changelings will not simply shapeshift into a new person but rather create a new whole one. Most changelings will set up a handful of personas so if one is compromised they can disappear and switch to one of their others.
Changelings cannot alter themselves enough to change physical sizes (i.e, changing from Medium to Small, etc). It is worth noting that while a changeling could technically shift into something like an aarakocra, their wings would be non-functional.
Changeling blood is green, unlike most other animals. Changelings, despite their thinly and seemingly fragile frame, are capable of surviving otherwise fatal injuries thanks to their magical abilities.
The changelings left by the Mamuna were said to have a noticeably different appearance; an abnormally large abdomen, unusually small or large head, a hump, thin arms and legs, a hairy body, and long claws. Mamuna changelings would also get their first set of teeth prematurely compared to a human baby.
Changelings lay their eggs directly within food sources her offspring will eat after hatching - namely stashes of meat - that the mother has procured and hidden out of sight in a secure place, such as the abandoned burrow of some small animal, a crevice in rock, or a small hollow in a tree.
The new child—the changeling—is characterised by unresponsiveness, resistance to physical affection, obstreperousness, inability to express emotion, and unexplained crying and physical changes such as rigidity and deformity. Some are unable to speak.
As for being tattooed, changelings can definitely be tattooed, and they can just as easily erase the tattoo with a moment's thought.
By RAW changelings revert when they DIE but not when they are unconscious (it would be hard to maintain a long term masquerade if you revert when you sleep!). I bet suggested that a piece of a Changeling — such as cut hair — WILL revert, but that this is slow and may take up to 24 hours.
Changelings reach maturity at about fifteen years of age, and they live about as long as humans do.
Changelings don't inherently recognize each other. If they don't want to be recognized then when they do something suspicious it would be an insight check against the changelings deception, which the changeling has advantage on. A changeling could have expertise in insight from divergent persona.
You can appear as a member of another humanoid race which will include things like tails, frills, gills, wings, horns, etc. However, your stats do not change so you cannot use the tail prehensively, cannot breathe underwater with the gills and cannot fly with the wings.
Changelings are often very mischievous growing up, as they get older they tend to calm down and begin being more helpful. Changelings though do to their mischievous behavior are often depicted as evil creatures and sent by the devil to take the place of a human parents infant.
changeling, in European folklore, a deformed or imbecilic offspring of fairies or elves substituted by them surreptitiously for a human infant. According to legend, the abducted human children are given to the devil or used to strengthen fairy stock.
Other times, Changelings don't speak at all, or show a lack of intelligence, and tend to become violent, screaming and biting at their parents. Another sign of a Changeling child was unusual behavior such as jumping, dancing, and spinning.
Unlike ponies, changelings do not have cutie marks. Following their metamorphosis in To Where and Back Again - Part 2, changelings have varied coat colors and insect characteristics, such as Thorax and Pharynx's horns, and they no longer have fangs or holes in their bodies.
Changeling Reproduction
If a changeling in a female form conceives a child, she loses the ability to change her gender until after the child is born.
Appearance. In their true form, or their form "at rest", changelings have pale skin, colorless eyes that can be completely white or completely black, and white or silver-white hair.
Changelings are humanoid creatures with discolored, slimy skin, hollow eyes, and a round mouth with many teeth. They can appear human, but their true nature is revealed in their reflection.
Some types of octopus, squid, and crustaceans have blue blood. Their blood contains a high concentration of copper. When copper mixes with oxygen, it gives their blood its blue color. Blue and red are not the only possible colors of blood — some animals bleed green.
Vocal Replication: All Changelings can mimic any sound they hears using their voice. Voice Manipulation: All Changelings can freely manipulate their voice, allowing them to control their voices to imitate sounds of creatures such as animal noises and explosions or increase or decrease the tone of their voice.
Blue Blood is a deep, neutral, Caribbean aqua with a turquoise undertone.