Stress hormones could activate α-ARs to promote keloid formation by enhancing growth-related responses and aggravating the local hypoxia environment.
Keloid is considered a fibroproliferative disorder of skin wound healing, and its pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully known. As keloid only occurs in humans in which the psychological chronic stress component is already demonstrated, it is now also reported from the “psychomediation” perspective.
Keloid growth might be triggered by any sort of skin injury — an insect bite, acne, an injection, body piercing, burns, hair removal, and even minor scratches and bumps. Sometimes keloids form for no obvious reason. Keloids aren't contagious or cancerous.
Keloid patients often experience significant psychological and social distress simply because their keloids are visible to the public, or they fear negative reactions from others who may see their keloids. This psychological stress results in increased levels of anxiety and depression and fear from being stigmatized.
Keloids are most common in people younger than 30. Black people, Asians, and Hispanics are more prone to developing keloids. Keloids often run in families. Sometimes, a person may not recall what injury caused a keloid to form.
Results revealed a significantly lower serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, tissue vitamin D receptors, as well as, serum and tissue koebnerisin in keloid patients compared to controls. Tissue 25-Hydroxyvitamin D was significantly lower in keloidal skin biopsy (Tissue A) compared to non-lesional normal skin biopsy (Tissue B).
Keloids and hypertrophic scars are caused by cutaneous injury and irritation, including trauma, insect bite, burn, surgery, vaccination, skin piercing, acne, folliculitis, chicken pox, and herpes zoster infection.
Stress hormones could activate α-ARs to promote keloid formation by enhancing growth-related responses and aggravating local hypoxia environment.
Trauma, foreign-body reactions, infections, and endocrine dysfunctions have all been proposed as risk factors for the development of keloids after surgery in genetically susceptible people [1,2].
Accumulating evidence indicates that androgen-related disorders may be the major endocrine factor contributing to keloid development during pregnancy and puberty.
Protect the injured area from the sun.
After the wound heals, you won't see a keloid right away. Keloids take time to appear. To reduce your risk of developing a keloid, you need to protect the area from the sun. Covering the area with clothing can help.
Conclusion. The above findings suggest that keloids have some characteristics that are similar to autoimmune disease and might be mediated by autoimmune responses.
Keloids can continue to grow for months or even years. They eventually stop growing but they do not disappear without treatment. In some cases, as mentioned above, keloids can return after they have been removed.
There are no proven methods of removing keloid scars naturally. Some clinical studies have shown that onion extract used orally or on the skin might possibly be effective in improving the appearance of keloid scars and reducing itchiness and discomfort.
Keloids typically occur more often in darker pigmented individuals, and there is some evidence that there can be a hereditary tendency [1]. These individuals are also more likely to experience spontaneous keloid formation, which is believed to be caused by microtrauma and minimal cutaneous inflammation [3].
They are not at all common, but are more likely for people who have dark skin. Anything that can cause a scar can cause a keloid. This includes being burned, cut, or having severe acne. Keloids can also develop after you get a body piercing, a tattoo, or have surgery.
Spontaneous keloids are rare, so there are only a few known cases. Findings from studies suggest that these keloids may occur when: The skin injury is so minor that the person doesn't notice it. A disease causes intense inflammation inside the body.
When a keloid first appears, it's often red, pink, or slightly darker than your natural skin tone. As it grows, it may darken. Some become lighter in the center and darker at the edges.
Although keloids have been documented in virtually all major ethnic groups, they are most commonly seen in individuals of African, Asian, and, to a lesser degree, Hispanic and Mediterranean descent. Dark-skinned individuals form keloids 15 times more frequently than do their lighter-skinned counterparts.
A keloid is a raised scar that occurs as a result of trauma or injury to the skin. Sometimes, this type of scar may appear after a piercing. A keloid forms due to an overgrowth of fibrous tissue.
Keloids result from abnormal wound healing in response to skin trauma or inflammation. Keloid development rests on genetic and environmental factors. Higher incidences are seen in darker skinned individuals of African, Asian, and Hispanic descent.
In a cohort study in Taiwan, patients with keloids were at an increased risk of developing various forms of cancer -- pancreatic cancer and skin cancer in particular -- when compared to the general population, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.51 (95% CI 1.39-1.63), according to Kathy Chien-Hui Hong, MD, PhD, of ...
Most of the literature on keloid treatment suggests that a high rate of recurrence (50%-70%) prevails during their management. Recent in vitro studies on novel therapeutic approaches for treating keloids suggest that Vitamin D3 and quercetin may prove to play a significant role in managing them.
Vitamin D plays an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation as it slows the progression of tissue fibrosis by keloid fibroblasts and inhibits collagen synthesis in dermal fibrosis.
Conclusions. Intralesional vitamin D is an effective and safe method in treatment of keloid scars. Ultrasound is a useful method in assessing the improvement of keloids after treatment.