Goku Can't Normally Beat Vegeta (Despite Seemingly Being Stronger) Throughout every era of Akira Toriyama's Dragon Ball series, Goku has consistently gotten increasingly stronger after every fight he's in, and he almost always is the one who defeats the ultimate villain at the end of most sagas.
Since the two Dragon Ball warriors first encountered each other, Goku and Vegeta have fought tooth and nail to claim the title of the universe's strongest Saiyan. While it has gone back and forth a few times as to who can rightfully claim that top spot, one villain already confirmed that Vegeta is stronger than Goku.
While it's true that Goku has never properly beaten Vegeta, it's always been understood that he's the strongest of all the Z-Warriors. However, that hasn't stopped Vegeta from doing everything he can do to take his spot.
As the main character, Goku is often stronger than Vegeta and could likely beat him in a fight if the two went head-to-head. But it's very unlikely something like this will manifest in Dragon Ball Super, a series that consistently depicts Goku and Vegeta as equals.
Goku is stronger because like Vegeta himself admitted in the Buu arc, when fighting Goku after he had taken the energy Babidi had offered Vegeta, that Goku is simply more skilled than him. Vegeta all but said that Goku's fighting and training skills are unmatched even for Vegeta. And it was revealed to be true.
Goku is considered by many as anime's strongest fighter, and you'd be hard-pressed to find others capable of rivaling him in strength. Despite this, rare as they may be, there exist characters within the medium with powers more impressive than those of the popular Saiyan.
Super Saiyan 3 Goku at full power has a battle power of 24,000,000,000, 2 billion above Kid Buu's level.
Indeed, Goku has been beaten countless times, and it's usually actually a tradition to have him lose against an arc villain before training and getting powerful enough to defeat our villain once and for all.
SSJ4 Gogeta
While Super Saiyan Blue Shinka is the most powerful form that Vegeta has achieved on his own, the strongest transformation he has ever gone through would be that of Super Saiyan 4 Gogeta, which is light years beyond any other.
The highest official power level in Dragon Ball Z is Goku's Super Saiyan transformation, stated in the Daizenshuu 7 to be 150,000,000. Goku's power became vastly superior to Frieza, with the Saiyan aiming to test his limits.
Goku can destroy a universe, but not a space time continuum. They are different. And Low Multiversal requires being able to destroy either multiple space-time continuums or multiple 4-D areas larger than an infinite 3-D one. Correction, he can destroy everything inside a universe.
Goku has been able to showcase the ability to lift over 100 tons with relative ease. He is even strong enough to lift a mountain over his head.
Put simply, Goku can't be killed with the Death Note, as its power, and the power of the Shinigami over the realm/state/process of death by extension, are only effective over human beings.
Goku has much greater stats, power, forms, and combat experience/skills, but SpongeBob has much better abilities, arsenal, and hax's that he can win in many scenarios himself.
Goku is technically infinitely 3-D by power scaling, but he is not infinitely powerful.