To answer the main question, as far as I know, padawan braids are the same for both genders. Similar to their outfits, a certain amount of expression is allowed, but most Jedi go with basic haircuts.
Padawan braids were a symbol of rank used to distinguish apprentices within the Jedi Order. They were lengths of intricately woven hair, typically worn across the right shoulder. Padawans which belonged to species that did not grow hair on their heads would wear alternatives such as silka beads.
Since the hair braid was such an easily distinguishable symbol of a member of the Jedi Order, many Padawans cut their braids off after the execution of Order 66 to hide from the Jedi purge.
While Padawans are required to wear their hair in a braid to signify their rank, there are alternatives for species that do not grow hair or fur.
Different colors possess different meanings. White indicated the Padawan was studying healing, blue meant mechanics, red meant piloting, yellow meant the lightsaber, other weapons, or combat in general. Green beads or bands indicated the areas of study for a consular, the living force, or precognitive visions.
In the Star Wars universe, Jedi Padawans wear a rattail called a Padawan Braid until they are given the rank of Jedi Knight. In the "Cool Guy Clarence" episode of Clarence, Clarence gets a rattail after admiring the one his new friend has.
For those who don't know what a Padawan braid is, it's essentially a rat tail haircut. A rat tail, however, that in George Lucas' sci-fi lore, is worn solely by Padawans (apprentice Jedi) before officially becoming Jedi Knights — at which point it's cut off with a lightsaber.
There was no fixed age when this happened. Padawans could even be adults, but for a Human, it usually occurred in the Padawan's early to mid-twenties. One such Jedi Padawan who successfully passed their trials was Selusda Kraren, shortly before Operation: Knightfall.
Since she doesn't have hair, she can't have a traditional Padawan braid. Instead, a strand of silka beads is attached to her headdress.
She eventually became the Padawan of a human male Jedi Master, Stellan Gios. Vernestra was enough of a prodigy that she eventually attained the rank of Jedi Knight at the age of only fifteen, making her the youngest Knight in a generation.
A Sith apprentice was a Force-sensitive individual trained by a Sith Master to use the dark side of the Force. The age at which a Sith apprentice began their training varied.
Rey's hair is hiding a Padawan braid.
The Force Awakens leaves off with Rey offering a lightsaber to Luke Skywalker.
Gray Jedi are those who, though having completed the teachings of the Jedi, operate independently and outside of the Jedi Council. They are typically seen as misguided, though they have not necessarily succumbed to the dark side.
Obi-Wan Kenobi sported his Padawan braid throughout the film to signify the rank he had reached in his Jedi apprentice training.
Padawan. The second Jedi ranking is that of Padawan learners. Padawans are Younglings that passed the trials. Due to their success, they were able to move on to become a Padawan.
A Jedi Master may not have more than one Padawan. This particular rule developed after the Old Sith Wars, as most ancient Masters such as Arca Jeth, Thon, Vodo-Siosk Baas and Krynda Draay did not have to abide by it.
Padawan. A Padawan or Jedi Apprentice is a young Jedi in training with a Jedi Knight or Master. In eras where the Youngling rank did not exist, Jedi trainees began at the rank of Apprentice.
The youngling clans would remain as one unit, living and training together, until the time came to go their separate ways as Padawan learners. The younglings who were not chosen to become Padawans were supervised by the Council of Reassignment.
Participants. Now what's going on here?" In 3964 BBY, the Jedi Masters of the planet Taris' Jedi Tower killed their Padawans at a false Knighting ceremony that became known as the Padawan Massacre.
Originally Answered: What happens to a Padwan whose master died before the training is finished in Star Wars? It's simple: usually, the Padawan would receive a new master and resume training. During the Battle of Jabiim, Obi-Wan Kenobi was presumed dead after the AT-AT he was in exploded.
Ahsoka Tano, a Togruta female, was the Padawan learner to Anakin Skywalker and a hero of the Clone Wars. Alongside Anakin, she grew from headstrong student into a mature leader.
The dormitory of the Jedi Temple on Coruscant was an area of the ancient edifice that contained the youngling nurseries, the Padawan dormitories, the Knights' Billet, and the chambers of the Jedi Masters.
To answer the main question, as far as I know, padawan braids are the same for both genders. Similar to their outfits, a certain amount of expression is allowed, but most Jedi go with basic haircuts. I was able to find a couple of examples of females with padawan braids and I have put the links below.
Ashoka is a Togruta, and that is traditional Togruta dress. The Togruta home planet has a arid climate, and that's mostly why she dresses the way she does. Jedi master Aayla Secura dresses in much the same way, because Ryloth is a very arid and deserty world.