No one test can diagnose lupus. The combination of blood and urine tests, signs and symptoms, and physical examination findings leads to the diagnosis.
Most people with lupus will have a positive ANA test result. It is very rare, but it is possible to have a negative ANA test and still have lupus.
Diagnosing Lupus
Although there is no one test for lupus, certain proteins usually show up in a patient's blood. A blood test for antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) can provide a critical clue. Other lab tests may check cell counts, kidney function, and clotting time.
Your doctor will look for rashes and other signs that something is wrong. Blood and urine tests. The antinuclear antibody (ANA) test can show if your immune system is more likely to make the autoantibodies of lupus. Most people with lupus test positive for ANA.
The GP will usually do some blood tests. High levels of a type of antibody, combined with typical symptoms, means lupus is likely. You might be referred for X-rays and scans of your heart, kidney and other organs if the doctor thinks they might be affected.
The diagnosis of lupus is usually suspected on the basis of clinical symptoms and signs and confirmed by laboratory tests. Blood tests will usually include an Anti Nuclear Antibody (ANA) test, which measures antibodies to self tissues.
Joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, particularly in the morning after waking up, are all classic signs of lupus, Dr. Buyon says. It most commonly presents in the wrists, knuckles, and fingers. This also makes the condition easy to confuse with rheumatoid arthritis, another autoimmune disease.
The ACR criteria include malar rash; discoid rash; photosensitivity (development of a rash after sun exposure); oral or nasal ulcers; arthritis of multiple joints; serositis: (inflammation of the lining around the lungs or heart); kidney disease indicated by protein or casts in the urine; neurological disorders such as ...
The first symptoms of lupus usually occur somewhere between the teen years and the 30s and may be mild, severe, sporadic, or continual. Common general symptoms include fatigue, fever, and hair loss. Lupus can also affect individual organs and body parts, such as the skin, kidneys, and joints.
A doctor may use the phrase "borderline lupus" when symptoms or blood test results suggest lupus, but there is not enough information for a definite diagnosis.
Common symptoms include fatigue, hair loss, sun sensitivity, painful and swollen joints, unexplained fever, skin rashes, and kidney problems. There is no one test for SLE. Usually, your doctor will ask you about your family and personal medical history and your symptoms. Your doctor will also do some laboratory tests.
While the butterfly rash (also called a malar rash or lupus rash) is one of the most commonly known symptoms people associate with lupus, it does not need to be present to be diagnosed with lupus.
For example, untreated lupus can lead to blood disorders such as anemia or thrombosis. Other potential serious complications include: Chronic digestive distress that could include difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, indigestion, intestinal inflammation, liver enlargement, or pain when vomiting or feeling nauseous.
Anti-Nuclear Antibody (ANA) Test. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) are autoantibodies to the nuclei of your cells. 98% of all people with systemic lupus have a positive ANA test, making it the most sensitive diagnostic test for confirming diagnosis of the disease.
SLE organ manifestations are inflammatory in essence. Inflammatory SLE disease activity is still mostly determined clinically. Routine laboratory markers of inflammation are limited to ESR, anemia and proteinuria. Cytokines, S100 proteins and urinary lymphocytes could qualify for future biomarkers.
Fatigue or extreme exhaustion no matter how much they sleep. Muscle and joint pain or swelling. Skin rashes (in particular a butterfly-shaped face rash across the cheeks and nose) Fever.
You may experience pain and stiffness, with or without swelling. This affects most people with lupus. Common areas for muscle pain and swelling include the neck, thighs, shoulders, and upper arms. Fever.
Even mild cases of lupus make it hard to do daily activities and exercise. Increased fatigue is a classic sign that a symptom flare is about to occur. Joint and muscle pain. Joints may be painful, red, and warm.
Lupus can range from mild to life-threatening. This very much depends on the parts of the body that are being attacked by the immune system. The most common forms of lupus are milder forms, and most people enjoy a full life, even though they may need to take medications. Lupus is only life threatening in rare cases.
The seriousness of SLE can range from mild to life-threatening. The disease should be treated by a doctor or a team of doctors who specialize in care of SLE patients. People with lupus that get proper medical care, preventive care, and education can significantly improve function and quality of life.
Lupus symptoms can also be unclear, can come and go, and can change. On average, it takes nearly six years for people with lupus to be diagnosed, from the time they first notice their lupus symptoms.
Different medical specialists (e.g. rheumatologist, neurologist, psychiatrist) and neuropsychologists can find out if your nervous system problems are related to lupus. You may need to have tests, including: Lab tests, like blood tests. Brain scans, like a CT or MRI of your head.