The longer answer goes back over 800,000 years. Scientists believe head lice began to evolve on a different path than body lice about the time humans started to wear more clothing. Body lice evolved to attach to clothing fibers which are typically thicker and stronger than a human hair. Head lice stuck with the scalp.
Eggs are laid right onto the shaft of hair. Those that are less than six millimeters from the scalp are most likely to hatch. The eggs are essentially glued on to the hair by secretions from the female louse. The eggs take about a week to hatch, producing a nymph.
A person gets head lice because the insects crawl from person to person by direct contact or by sharing items — including combs, brushes and hats — with another person who has head lice. Poor hygiene doesn't cause head lice.
Head lice most often affect children. The insects usually spread through direct transfer from the hair of one person to the hair of another. Having head lice isn't a sign of poor personal hygiene or an unclean living environment. Head lice don't carry bacterial or viral diseases.
You can get lice by coming into contact with either lice or their eggs. Lice can't jump or fly. They spread through: Head-to-head or body-to-body contact.
While head lice live in your hair and feed on your scalp, body lice usually live in your clothes and bedding. They travel to your skin several times a day to feed on blood. Your clothing seams are the most common places for body lice to lay their eggs (nits).
Lice cannot live apart from their human host so a dirty kitchen or bathroom is not a factor at all. Instead, head lice are transferred from human to human by contact.
Lice are attracted to the blood they get through your scalp – short, long, clean or dirty.
You can find head lice on the scalp, neck, and ears.
Their full life cycle, from egg until death, lasts a maximum of 35 days. The eggs are called nits and hatch into small insect forms — called nymphs — which then grow into adult lice. The adult lice can begin to create more eggs as soon as they hatch and the cycle begins again.
Medieval folklore suggests that lard was used to try and suffocate lice and nits off of a scalp. Others propose simply keeping the hair combed through and clean was of so little a priority that no one even bothered with lice.
Not everyone feels lice moving around on their scalp, but some people do. Dr. Garcia says that most of her patients say they “don't feel anything,” but others may get a creepy, tickling sensation as lice move around their head.
If a person gets lice, it doesn't feel like anything at first.
They need human blood to live. Head lice usually stay close to the scalp and behind the ears. You might also spot them on the eyebrows and eyelashes.
Introduce natural predators (Ladybugs)
Ladybugs can eat 100 lice a day!
'' Generally, children are less protective of their personal space, more likely to come into physical contact with one another, and more likely to share personal items like clothing or hairbrushes, which make it easy for the bugs to travel from person to person.
Adult lice can live up to 30 days on a person's head. To live, adult lice need to feed on blood several times daily. Without blood meals, the louse will die within 1 to 2 days off the host. Life cycle image and information courtesy of DPDx.
Permethrin lotion, 1%;
Permethrin lotion 1% is approved by the FDA for the treatment of head lice. Permethrin is safe and effective when used as directed. Permethrin kills live lice but not unhatched eggs. Permethrin may continue to kill newly hatched lice for several days after treatment.
Someone without lice has direct contact with the head of someone infested with lice. Head lice do not live on body hair, just head hair. You won't get lice simply being in the same room as someone with lice. You won't get lice shaking hands with an infested person.
A common misconception is that pubic lice are spread easily by sitting on a toilet seat. This would be extremely rare because lice cannot live long away from a warm human body and they do not have feet designed to hold onto or walk on smooth surfaces such as toilet seats.
Washing, soaking, or drying items at a temperature greater than 130°F can kill both head lice and nits. Dry cleaning also kills head lice and nits. Only items that have been in contact with the head of the infested person in the 48 hours before treatment should be considered for cleaning.
Typically, 10–15 head lice are found. The number of lice often depends on personal hygiene, for example, how often the person bathes, shampoos, or changes and washes his/her clothing.
Considering the life cycle of lice and nits, it's possible to have live lice on a piece of bedding or pillow for up to 13 days. If a louse is without a host for 1-2 days, it will die. However, it can still lay eggs during that time.
If you see sesame-seed-shaped objects, those are the nits and lice, which can be brown or grey and stand out against the white paper towel. “The nits may look like they have tails that stick out the back,” says Faulkner.
What do lice look like? An immature louse (or nymph) looks like an adult, but it's about the size of a pinhead. After a week after hatching, the louse grows to the size of a sesame seed, with six clawed legs and a tan to grayish-white color. Note that the CDC says lice may look darker on people with dark hair.