Breast milk can turn into a pinkish color due to colonization by Serratia marcescens, a species of rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria that produce a reddish-orange tripyrrole pigment called prodigiosin1 that has been related to a variety of diseases and even newborn deaths.
It can turn expressed breast milk and soiled diapers pink in color. Pediatric outbreaks of marcescens have exhibited as bloodstream infection, conjunctivitis (eye infections), pneumonia, urinary tract infection, meningitis and surgical site infection.
Milk Strips are designed to test the acidity in your breast milk in order to determine the levels of bacterial activity. You dip a test strip in a tube containing your breast milk, and then it tells you whether the milk is safe to feed, or whether it's expired.
Stomach cramps: Babies using spoiled, expired, or lumpy breast milk can cause stomach cramps, bloating, bloating, upset stomach, and fussiness. Food poisoning: Often spoiled breast milk will be contaminated, causing the infant to be infected with bacteria and have diarrhea and vomiting.
S. marcescens can frequently be seen on tile and shower corners or at the water line of a toilet bowl where it appears as a pink or orange filmy residue.
marcescens is a gram-negative bacillus in the Enterobacteriaceae family. Several outbreaks have been linked to contaminated medical equipment, improper hand hygiene by health care workers and breast milk.
marcescens has been shown to cause a wide range of infectious diseases, including urinary, respiratory, and biliary tract infections, peritonitis, wound infections, and intravenous catheter-related infections, which can also lead to life-threatening bacteremia.
Cultures may be taken, either of breast milk or of material taken out of an abscess through a syringe, to determine the type of organism causing the infection. This information can help your doctor decide what kind of antibiotic to use.
Because NAAT directly tests the milk itself, Prolacta can ensure that both the donor (through the blood screening) and the donated milk are tested for infectious disease-causing pathogens, reducing the risk of contaminated breast milk ending up in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
There is evidence to suggest that contaminated milk is safer stored at 4°C for 8 days than frozen; and that previously frozen breast milk should be kept for as short a time as possible before use.”
Breast milk can also turn pink if a bacteria called Serratia marcescens is present, although rare this bacteria can be extremely harmful to young babies.
Complications are more likely if the baby is a preemie or immunocompromised. Two to four babies are year are reported to have these infections in the United States. Those cases can lead to meningitis, causing swelling around the spinal cord and brain, and/or sepsis, a blood infection. These conditions can be fatal.
At room temperature, mature milk from term mothers could be stored for 6 h without a significant increase in bacterial counts. Term colostrum could be stored for 12 h without significant bacterial growth. Preterm milk could be stored for 4 hr.
More recently, Serratia marcescens has been found to be pathogenic to a small percentage of people, having been identified as a cause of urinary tract infections, wound infections, and pneumonia in hospital environments. Once established, the organism usually cannot be eliminated entirely.
The most effective treatment was fosfomycin plus gentamicin; both antibiotics showed synergism in vitro on isolated Serratia strains. A dosage of 75 mg/kg fosfomycin enables serum levels of about 32 mug/ml during 4-5 h, being this level higher to the MIC of all isolated strains of S. marcescens.
The main risk factors for bacteraemia/sepsis which is caused by Serratia is hospitalization, placement of intravenous catheters, intraperitoneal catheters and urinary catheters and prior instrumentation of the respiratory tract [2–5]. Serratia marcescens causes both opportunistic and nosocomial infections.
Checked Bags: Yes
Formula, breast milk, toddler drinks, and baby/toddler food (to include puree pouches) are considered medically necessary liquids. This also applies to breast milk and formula cooling accessories, such as ice packs, freezer packs, and gel packs (regardless of presence of breast milk).
The most common tests used to determine milk quality are somatic cell count (SCC), standard plate counts (SPC), preliminary incubation counts (PIC), lab pasteurized counts (LPC), and coliform counts.
Cuts, Minor Burns, and Small Wounds: Breast milk has been used for cuts, burns, and wounds to help wounds heal and prevent them from becoming infected. 1. Immune System Booster: If you get sick and drink breast milk, it is believed to boost the immune system and shorten the length and severity of a cold.
The basic tenet concerning breastfeeding and infection is that breastfeeding is rarely contraindicated in maternal infection. The few exceptions relate to specific infectious agents with strong evidence of transmission and to the association of an infant's illness with significant morbidity and mortality.
There is no evidence of risk to the healthy, term infant for continuing breastfeeding from a mother with mastitis [4]. Women who are unable to continue breastfeeding should express the milk from breast by hand or pump, as the sudden cessation of breastfeeding leads to a risk of abscess development [4].
Ceftazidime/avibactam (Avycaz)
Ceftazidime/avibactam has shown showed potent in vitro activity when used against enterobacteriacae with inducible AmpC beta-lactamases, including Serratia marcescens.
Infections with S. marcescens may be difficult to treat due to its resistance to multiple antibiotics. Nonpigmented strains are generally more resistant as they usually harbor resistance plasmids.
Conclusions: Treatment of SM infections should include carbapenems or aminoglycosides in combination with third-generation (and eventually fourth-generation) cephalosporin. Cotrimoxazole should be considered in cases of uncomplicated urinary infections.