In general, the results of imaging tests such as PET and CT scans are the most important when determining the stage of the lymphoma.
Stage 2. This means one of the following: your lymphoma is in two or more groups of lymph nodes. your lymphoma is in an extranodal site and one or more groups of lymph nodes (2E)
With stage 1 Hodgkin lymphoma, the following is true: The cancer affects one lymph node region or lymphoid organ. When Hodgkin lymphoma affects an organ of the body outside of the lymphoid system, it is considered stage 1E, also called extranodal lymphoma. Treatment is usually two to four rounds of chemotherapy.
Symptoms of stage 4 lymphoma can include: enlarged lymph nodes under the skin. fatigue. chills.
In general, the results of imaging tests such as PET and CT scans are the most important when determining the stage of the lymphoma.
Stage 2. Around 90 out of 100 people (around 90%) will survive their Hodgkin lymphoma for 5 years or more after diagnosis.
Lymphoma most often spreads to the liver, bone marrow, or lungs. Stage III-IV lymphomas are common, still very treatable, and often curable, depending on the NHL subtype. Stage III and stage IV are now considered a single category because they have the same treatment and prognosis.
With lymphoma, the lymph nodes often grow slowly and may be there for months or years before they're noticed. But sometimes they grow very quickly. Usually, the swollen nodes don't hurt. But some people say their lumps ache or are painful.
A few people with lymphoma have abnormal cells in their bone marrow when they're diagnosed. This may lead to: persistent tiredness or fatigue. an increased risk of infections.
Both children and adults can develop Hodgkin lymphoma, but it's most common in early adulthood (especially in a person's 20s). The risk of Hodgkin lymphoma rises again in late adulthood (after age 55). Overall, the average age of people when they are diagnosed is 39.
The five-year relative survival rate for stage 4 lymphoma varies and ranges from 57% to 86% based on the type you have. These figures are estimates and not necessarily predictions of what will happen in your case. American Cancer Society.
People with lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma, and lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) have a better prognosis, compared with other types of Hodgkin lymphoma.
Treatment options
Surgery isn't generally used to treat the condition, except for the biopsy used to diagnose it. Overall, treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma is highly effective and most people with the condition are eventually cured.
For stage I NHL, the 5-year relative survival rate is more than 86%. For stage II the 5-year relative survival rate is 78%, and for stage III it is more than 72%. For stage IV NHL, the 5-year relative survival rate is almost 64%.
Stages III and IV
The ABVD regimen (for at least 6 cycles) is often used, but some doctors favor more intense treatment with the Stanford V regimen for 3 cycles, or up to 8 cycles of the BEACOPP regimen if there are several unfavorable prognostic factors.
Burkitt lymphoma: Considered the most aggressive form of lymphoma, this disease is one of the fastest growing of all cancers. Burkitt lymphoma, named for the surgeon who first identified the cancer in the 1950s, accounts for about 2 percent of all lymphoma diagnoses.
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma or Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.
This is a rare, slow-growing type of lymphoma. It's found mainly in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. This type of lymphoma can't be cured. But people can live with it for many years.
Many people with Hodgkin lymphoma are cured, but the treatments used can lead to health problems in the future. See your doctor regularly, get the recommended cancer screening tests , and tell your health care team about any changes you notice in how you feel.
Some people with Hodgkin lymphoma or with other types of high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma might also relapse. Most relapses of Hodgkin lymphoma or high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma happen within the first 2 years after treatment. As time goes on, relapse generally becomes less likely.
Even with a recurrence, many people with Hodgkin lymphoma go on to live long lives.
The incidence mortality rate for all causes is 2 per every 100 patients per year. The OS of our cohort at 10 years from diagnosis was 76% (95% CI: 72–79) and 52% at 30 years (95% CI: 48–57).
Chemotherapy drugs used for Hodgkin lymphoma
The most common combination used to treat HL is called ABVD. This chemotherapy is given every 2 weeks for 2 to 8 months, depending on the stage and response to treatment. ABVD includes doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine.