The arguably acceptable alternative is to provide just one citation for several consecutive sentences that are derived from the same source. Usually this is placed at the end of the last of the related sentences.
The rule of thumb is to cite the very first sentence, make it clear you are still talking about the same work in your subsequent sentences (for example, "The study noted that..."), and then confirm you are still talking about the work by including another citation at the end (if this has continued for several sentences ...
Important to remember: You DO NOT need to add an in-text citation after EVERY sentence of your paragraph.
Every time the ideas, facts or opinions of another are used in a piece of work this must be acknowledged with a full reference. Whether a source is quoted directly or indirectly, paraphrased or summarised, it must be acknowledged with a footnote or endnote.
In general, if it's your words, your opinion, your photo, or your graph, of course, you don't need to cite it. HOWEVER, if you are using information from one of your own previously published works (journal article, book chapter, etc.), you MUST cite it just as you would cite another author's work.
The legal repercussions of plagiarism can be quite serious. Copyright laws are absolute. One cannot use another person's material without citation and reference. An author has the right to sue a plagiarist.
Unintentional plagiarism is not giving proper credit for someone else's ideas, research, or words, even if it was not intentional to present them as your own. Even if it was not intentional, it is still plagiarism and not acceptable. Accidentally failing to cite your sources correctly.
For the short form of a case, the general rule is to use the name of the first party, italicized (as was done in footnotes #4 and #13 in the example below). If the case was cited more than five footnotes ago, you cannot use a short form; you have to cite the whole case again (as shown in footnote #14 below).
You need to provide a citation whenever you refer to an idea that you derived from a source. This is the case whether you use a direct quote, a paraphrase, or even just a direct or indirect mention.
You should NEVER use one footnote to refer to material in more than a single paragraph of text . So for each paragraph, you should ask yourself the following question: What primary and/or secondary sources did I use in the creation of this paragraph?
Try to make it clear in each following sentence if it is still coming from the same source, using phrases like "According to", "They also state...", "That article concludes...". If it is clear, you don't need to repeat the in-text citation for those sentences.
If you are paraphrasing from one source throughout a paragraph, don't worry about putting a citation after every sentence. Putting a citation at the end of the paragraph is fine (there should be at least one citation at the end of each paragraph if the material is paraphrased).
Per APA 7, an option is to cite once in the sentence in which the summary or paraphrase begins, and as long as there is some indication that the following information is also from that source, subsequent citations in each sentence are not necessary.
2- As a rule of thumb, consider citing 1 reference for every 95 words (or 4 sentences). 3- The more research you do will be reflected in the number of references you use in your paper, since high-quality articles usually have 5 more references than the median.
Generally, the minimum number of citations for a research manuscript should be around 25 and maximum should be around 40 to 50.
When making reference to the same source for a second or further time in your work, there is no need to repeat the reference in full. It is best to use the shortest form of reference that will still allow a reader to find the source.
Avoid switching out or changing around of a few words in an author's sentence(s) for use in your paper. Avoid failing to acknowledge (through an in-text citation or direct quotes) the outside source from which you obtained your information or ideas.
Paraphrasing allows you to use your own words to restate an author's ideas. Summarizing allows you to create a succinct, concise statement of an author's main points without copying and pasting a lot of text from the original source.
Footnotes appear on the bottom of the page that contains the sentence to which it refers. Endnotes are listed at the end of the paper on separate pages. On the top of the first page, the title “Notes” is centered one inch from the top of the page. Endnote pages are placed before the bibliography.
When writing your research paper, you would use a footnote for two major reasons: To cite sources of facts or quotations. Provide additional information.
A citation endnote provides full information about a source the first time you cite it, and shortened information for any further citations of that source. Example: Chicago endnotes. Notes. 1. Hanna Pickard, “What Is Personality Disorder?” Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology 18, no.