Researchers are unsure where lice originated, but they know that lice have affected primates for at least 25 million years, eventually spreading to humans. Head lice only affect humans, and they will not jump onto pets or other animals. Lice can also travel on objects that have touched the head.
According to researchers, there are three primary “clades” (i.e., categories) of head lice, imaginatively named A, B, and C. Clade B head lice are thought to have originated in North America, and then to have migrated to farther reaches of the world, including Australia and Europe.
Our ancestors may have caught nits from their primitive cousins. Humankind's inexorable spread across the globe may have had an unwelcome side-effect - it brought us face to face with our ancient hominid relatives just long enough to catch their head lice.
Third moult 10 days after hatching. Emerging from their third moult as adult lice, the female and slightly similar male begin to reproduce. Female lays first egg one or two days after mating. Female can lay approximately three to eight eggs per day for the next 16 days.
Head lice are spread most commonly by direct head-to-head (hair-to-hair) contact. However, much less frequently they are spread by sharing clothing or belongings onto which lice have crawled or nits attached to shed hairs may have fallen.
The Ancient Egyptian
Others believed a recipe of spices mixed with vinegar rubbed on the scalp over a few days would suffocate them out. For royalty and priests, their heads were no exception. The wisest and predominant members of society chose to simply shave their entire bodies.
4, 2004 – A University of Utah study showing how lice evolved with the people they infested reveals that a now-extinct species of early human came into direct contact with our species about 25,000 years ago and spread the parasites to our ancestors.
In the middle ages, humans couldn't get away from lice. They were an unavoidable part of their life and lice didn't discriminate; they infected all parts of society from serfs to royals. People in the Middle Ages took lice to their grave as well. They lived a life of itch, itch, itch!
How does a person get head lice? A person gets head lice because the insects crawl from person to person by direct contact or by sharing items — including combs, brushes and hats — with another person who has head lice. Poor hygiene doesn't cause head lice.
Egyptians Faced the Plague of Lice
In fact, mummified remains that have been traced back to 3000 BC show mummified lice on subjects that were preserved for modern research. Artifacts include lice combs derived from nit-picking, similar to early homo sapiens and apes except for much less caveman like.
But perhaps head lice don't play what we would traditionally see as an important role in the ecosystem. They don't pollinate plants, they're not food for other animals, and they don't exactly bring joy to our lives in the way other, cuter animals do.
Head lice seem to be more common in Caucasian, Hispanic, and Asian American people than in African American people. For example, fewer than 0.5% of African American schoolchildren experience head lice compared with about 10% of schoolchildren of other races.
Over the years, the newer strain of lice has become more resistant to the different toxic chemicals that are used in these OTC treatments. So no matter how strong those treatments are, the lice have the power now to stay stubbornly alive.
Scientists still don't know exactly when or how the first humans evolved, but they've identified a few of the oldest ones. One of the earliest known humans is Homo habilis, or “handy man,” who lived about 2.4 million to 1.4 million years ago in Eastern and Southern Africa.
Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) infestation is most frequent on children aged 3–10 and their families. Females get head lice twice as often as males, and infestation in persons of Afro-Caribbean or other black descent could be rare due to difference in hair shape or width.
As it turned out, the body louse branched off from the head louse about 70,000 years ago, give or take 42,000 years. Clothing must have evolved at that time, too, the researchers figured. We also began drawing and carving, weaving, creating tools and burying our dead. In other words, we underwent a cultural revolution.
They tried to treat them by rebalancing the four bodily humours with dietary modification, bloodletting and medicines. There is also evidence for special delousing combs to strip head lice from the hair, and delousing may have been a daily routine for many people living across the Roman Empire.
The Egyptians often shaved their heads clean and the beautiful long locks we see in pictures were wigs. If you became infested with head lice, the Egyptians treated themselves with an aromatic head lice formula made of water, vinegar, oil of cinnamon, oil of rosemary, oil of terebinth.
For the study, researchers compared tea tree oil, lavender oil, peppermint oil, and DEET. The researchers found that tea tree and peppermint oil repelled lice the most, and a tea tree and lavender combination kept some lice from biting people with treated skin.
Body lice are tiny insects, about the size of a sesame seed. Body lice live in your clothing and bedding and travel to your skin several times a day to feed on blood. The most common sites for bites are around the neck, shoulders, armpits, waist and groin — places where clothing seams are most likely to touch skin.
In fact, it can take up to six weeks for a child or adult to develop the typical itchiness that might prompt a head check. And even then, half the people with lice still won't exhibit any symptoms associated with lice.
As far as we know, there have not been any clinical studies proving any human population to be immune to head lice. However, head lice can have difficultly attaching their eggs to hair that is thick or coarse; therefore, those individuals may be less likely to experience head lice infestation.
In the United States, infestation with head lice is much less common among African-Americans than among persons of other races, possibly because the claws of the head louse found most frequently in the United States are better adapted for grasping the shape and width of the hair shaft of other races.
While it's true that it may be mechanically easier for lice to crawl along straight hair compared to curly hair, this does not mean they 'prefer' straight hair. The ease of movement might make straight hair slightly more susceptible, but anyone with hair, regardless of its type or texture, can get lice.