Palmer created the theory of the toxic childhood, which refers to the damaging effects of the 21st century on children. Which means there is a generation of children whom are not appropriately socialised to maintain the norms and values needed for society to function well.
What is the conflict view? Marxist and feminists dispute that childhood is improving. Society is based on a conflict social class, age, gender, ethnicity etc. The relationship with adulthood and childhood is one dominates and one is subordinate.
About the Author
Sue Palmer is a writer, broadcaster and consultant on the education of young children. A former head teacher, she lectures widely around the world, and is an independent adviser to many organisations, including the BBC and the DfES.
Jenks saw childhood as a preparation for the individual to become a productive adult in the future and to achieve this the vulnerable child needed to be nurtured, protected and controlled, especially by the 'child-centred family' and by the education system, which imposed discipline and conformity on children.
Dianna Gittins uses the term 'Age Patriarchy' to refer to adult domination over children. Adult control over children takes a number of forms –
Characteristics of a Patriarchal System
Those characteristics are Male Domination, Male Identification, Male Centeredness, and Obsession with Control.
Matriarchy is a social system in which women hold the primary power positions in roles of authority. In a broader sense it can also extend to moral authority, social privilege and control of property.
Palmer created the theory of the toxic childhood, which refers to the damaging effects of the 21st century on children. Which means there is a generation of children whom are not appropriately socialised to maintain the norms and values needed for society to function well.
In The Disappearance of Childhood (1982), Postman claimed that childhood is essentially a social artifact. Its origin was closely linked to the printing press and the growth of literacy, which made possible the segregation of groups into children and adults.
ACEs are common and the effects can add up over time.
61% of adults had at least one ACE and 16% had 4 or more types of ACEs. Females and several racial/ethnic minority groups were at greater risk for experiencing 4 or more ACEs.
Childhood experiences and family health in adulthood
For example, individuals who experience numerous ACEs early in their childhood are at risk for developing depression, anxiety, substance abuse habits, and detrimental health behaviors as they mature into adulthood [23].
Frequent, intense and poorly resolved conflict between parents can place children at risk of mental health issues, and behavioural, social and academic problems. It can also have a significant effect on a child's long-term outcomes. put children at more risk of: having problems with school and learning.
To give one example, in the struggle to understand their parents' conflict, children can come to blame themselves or find harmful ways of coping with the conflict. In addition, on top of their negative emotions, children experience physiological reactions related to stress that may harm their brain development.
What is a schema? Schemas are described as patterns of repeated behaviour which allow children to explore and express developing ideas and thoughts through their play and exploration. The repetitive actions of schematic play allow children to construct meaning in what they are doing.
Piaget's cognitive developmental theory
The cognitive theories of child development focus on how the thinking processes of a child develop throughout childhood. According to Piaget's theory, children think differently from adults.
Sociological perspectives of childhood are theories that examine structural elements of the society the child lives in, and the background of the child, e.g. gender, ethnicity, and culture. Such theories can help us explain why and how children have such different experiences throughout their childhoods.
When traumatic experiences occur in childhood (ACEs), feelings of powerlessness and loss of control are generated, along with a greater amount of stress, resulting in toxic stress. The body reacts physiologically to both physical and emotional stress.
The toxic stress caused by childhood trauma can be harmful. It may damage or delay the healthy development of a child's body and brain. This can leave them vulnerable to chronic health problems, risky behaviors, and mental illness as adults.
Toxic parents can have negative effects on children throughout their lifespan, including mental health disorders, depression, anxiety, drug and alcohol use, etc. Young children often show signs early on that their relationship with their parents is affecting their mental and physical health.
Feminization refers to the development of female-specific morphology, such as the Müllerian ducts and female reproductive structures. In order to become a reproductively functioning female, for example, both feminization and demasculinization are required, and vice versa for males (Uhlenhaut et al., 2009).
The feminine form of the noun 'Gentleman' is 'Lady'.
(d)lady - This word is grammatically correct. This word is the correct feminine form of the word 'gentleman'.