The active stage of dying generally only lasts for about 3 days. The active stage is preceded by an approximately 3-week period of the pre-active dying stage. Though the active stage can be different for everyone, common symptoms include unresponsiveness and a significant drop in blood pressure.
Irregular breathing, panting and periods of not breathing may occur. Changes in breathing are very common and indicate a decrease in circulation to the internal organs. While these changes are not usually bothersome to the patient, they can be distressing to family members. Elevating the head may provide relief.
What happens in the 24 hours before death? Someone who is close to death will spend most of the time asleep. They may not be able to communicate when they are awake because their senses are failing. However, they may still be able to hear, so speak to them normally.
Your loved one may sleep more and might be more difficult to awaken. Hearing and vision may decrease. There may be a gradual decrease in the need for food and drink. Your loved one will say he or she doesn't have an appetite or isn't hungry.
At the end-of-life. The end-of-life period—when body systems shut down and death is imminent—typically lasts from a matter of days to a couple of weeks. Some patients die gently and tranquilly, while others seem to fight the inevitable.
As the moment of death comes nearer, breathing usually slows down and becomes irregular. It might stop and then start again or there might be long pauses or stops between breaths . This is known as Cheyne-Stokes breathing. This can last for a short time or long time before breathing finally stops.
The first organ system to “close down” is the digestive system. Digestion is a lot of work! In the last few weeks, there is really no need to process food to build new cells. That energy needs to go elsewhere.
As a person approaches death, their vital signs may change in the following ways: blood pressure drops. breathing changes. heartbeat becomes irregular.
This stage is also one of reflection. The dying person often thinks back over their life and revisits old memories.4 They might also be going over the things they regret.
For approximately the first 3 hours after death the body will be flaccid (soft) and warm. After about 3-8 hours is starts to stiffen, and from approximately 8-36 hours it will be stiff and cold. The body becomes stiff because of a range of chemical changes in the muscle fibres after death.
“Our data shows that a dying brain can respond to sound, even in an unconscious state, up to the last hours of life.”
They Know They're Dying
Dying is a natural process that the body has to work at. Just as a woman in labor knows a baby is coming, a dying person may instinctively know death is near. Even if your loved one doesn't discuss their death, they most likely know it is coming.
Sometimes, simple methods can help to reduce agitation and distress. Find out what the patient finds comforting and reassuring. This might include repositioning them, playing music, talking in a gentle and reassuring way, and touching them gently, for example holding their hand.
Terminal agitation is typically seen during the hours or days before death and can be distressing and overwhelming for caregivers.
The early post-mortem phase is most frequently estimated using the classical triad of post-mortem changes – rigor mortis, livor mortis, and algor mortis.
During the final stage of dying, disorientation and restlessness will grow. There will be significant changes in the patient's breathing and continence.
This is true not just for the person who is dying but also for close loved ones. If you decide not to visit your dying loved one, it's possible you may regret your choice later on. Find meaningful ways to spend time together. Try sharing old photographs or memorabilia.
Your loved one may become restless and pull on bed linens or clothing, hallucinate, or even try to get out of bed, due to less oxygen reaching their brain. Repetitive, restless movements may also indicate something is unresolved or unfinished in the person's mind.
The surge of energy before death lasts between a few minutes and several hours. This phenomenon typically occurs in the final days or hours of a person's life. A sudden increase in mental clarity, physical strength, or emotional expression marks it.
Physical signs
Facial muscles may relax and the jaw can drop. Skin can become very pale. Breathing can alternate between loud rasping breaths and quiet breathing. Towards the end, dying people will often only breathe periodically, with an intake of breath followed by no breath for several seconds.
The death rattle is a sign that a person is approaching death. With each breath, a person may make a moaning, snoring, or rattling sound.
What are noisy chest secretions? In the last days of a person's life, secretions (fluid) might build up in the airways as they become too weak to cough and clear them. This causes a gurgling or rattling sound when the person breathes in and out and is sometimes called 'the death rattle'.
Terminal restlessness generally occurs in the last few days of life. Around 42 percent of hospice patients experience agitation during their final 48 hours. But even more develop symptoms before then, which may not subside until death.