Based on the canonical timeline, the Saiyan warrior has died only two times. However, several events occurred throughout the Dragon Ball saga that saw Son Goku die a few more times. Some sources even have him dying as much as eight times based on technicalities.
Goku: Killed when Cell self destructs, after Goku took him to King Kai's planet. He is revived several years later when Old Kai gives him his life. Goku using instant transmission to teleport Cell and himself, just before Cell explodes, killing Goku and those on King Kai's planet.
As we know, after he dies by sacrificing himself in Cell's self-destruction, he decided to stay dead and the reasons for it is that he claimed that if he remains death there would be no bad guys to attack earth again.
Namely, during the Future Trunks arc, when Goku dies in at least two different timelines. First, against Goku Black, albeit it occurred offscreen, and again in an alternate timeline after contracting a heart disease where he passes away.
Put simply, Goku can't be killed with the Death Note, as its power, and the power of the Shinigami over the realm/state/process of death by extension, are only effective over human beings.
Indeed, Goku has been beaten countless times, and it's usually actually a tradition to have him lose against an arc villain before training and getting powerful enough to defeat our villain once and for all.
As such, Goku will not begin to grow old until 1000 years have passed in which the series will likely end. And this is all counting the idea that use of god-ki may make him further immortal. So fear not, fans. Goku will not grow old on us and die.
He is ultimately killed by the two androids during a battle where they ganged up on Gohan, killing him with machine gun-like ki blasts. This is only depicted in the anime; his cause of death is left ambiguous in the manga, where he is already dead by the time Trunks arrives at the scene.
The Saiyans have an aging process that differs greatly from what humans go through. It was stated by Vegeta in Dragon Ball Super that Saiyans remain in their prime until they turn 80 years old. Because of that rule about Saiyan biology, the anime can easily keep Goku's youthful look for years to come.
Zeno, the Omni King of the Dragon Ball Universe, is known for being the most powerful creature of all time. He is one of the two kings of all the Universes and can easily destroy anything or anyone with just one move. He is supposed to be the absolute God of all the realms present in this world.
After the tournament concludes, Tambourine, one of Piccolo's sons, kills Krillin in a bid to steal Goku's Dragon Ball. Goku reaches the scene a bit too late, arriving to witness Krillin's lifeless body on the ground.
Jiren is a protagonist from Dragon Ball Super who is widely regarded as one of the most powerful fighters in the Dragon Ball universe. Many fans consider Jiren to be stronger than Goku based on the exceptional abilities and feats that he demonstrated in the Tournament of Power arc.
4 Being Killed By Zamasu, Who Took Over His Body
Here, he decided to take over Goku's body and cut all ties with his family by killing them in cold blood. Of course, Zamasu made sure to eliminate all loose ends by destroying his own body, ending Goku's existence in the process.
In the early days of Dragon Ball, there existed a being strong enough to beat the God of Destruction Lord Beerus, but Goku accidentally killed him.
Six months later, on May 12th, Age 767, the Androids attack and Future Vegeta is the second Z Fighter to be killed by them. In the TV special, Super Saiyan Vegeta is shown receiving a hard kick to the stomach by Future Android 17. He was 35 years old when he was killed by the Androids.
Depicting an alternate future, Goku dies from a heart virus and the Z-Fighters are killed by the destructive Androids 17 and 18 six months later. With Piccolo killed, Kami also dies, rendering the Dragon Balls unusable, destroying all hope of the Z-Fighters being revived.
The Namekian elder and his people were slaughtered by Vegeta in his quest for the Namekian Dragon Balls, and due to a technicality, stayed dead throughout the remainder of the series.
He remains dead for the next seven years until Elder Kai's resurrection to defeat Majin Buu. The series experiences a 10-year jump which means Goku is (bear with us) 37 but chronologically 44.
Goku after the 1,000 year time-skip in Dragon Ball Omniverse. He first appeared in the Return of the Gods Saga to help Adrian fight Majin Beegito. His debut was short as he was killed immediately. He has been shown to be an entirely different version of Goku and may be a completely different being.
After both Goku and the series experienced a 10-year time jump for the epilogue, Goku was now physically 37 and chronologically 44, while Vegeta also points out Saiyans' aging slows once they hit their physical prime to fight longer and more effectively.
After training with Kami, Goku becomes far stronger than anyone up to that point. Throughout the entire arc, he's the undisputed strongest man alive, capable of taking Piccolo on in a battle for the ages. It's worth noting that Kami's training also bestows upon him a rather meaningful personality change.
Despite losing his god form, Gokū retained the power in his Super Saiyan form. However, if the Saiyan becomes accustomed to the energy while still in their Super Saiyan God state, the power of the transformation will remain with them even after the transformation itself has expired.
1) Jiren. As seen in Dragon Ball Super's Tournament of Power arc, Goku was unable to defeat Jiren in a 1v1 even after achieving Mastered Ultra Instinct. While Goku has honed his Ultra Instinct since the Tournament of Power in the manga, Jiren and Goku have yet to rematch as Goku is now.