The Force: As the Chosen One, Vader was immensely powerful and had an amazingly strong connection to the Force, stronger than any Force-user ever in existence. He also possessed the potential to according to Obi-Wan Kenboi become the most powerful light and dark side Force-Sensitive being in the history of the galaxy.
Vader has more experience, more training, more focus, and all the cybernetic enhancements. Anakin's advantage is raw force power, but Vader has shown stronger feats now than Anakin has.
Anakin would not have been able to be surpassed by Luke, Darth Vader lost a great deal of his force potential when he lost his arms and legs. Luke was (for the most part) an intact human and was the offspring of Anakin, giving him probably a bigger force potential than Vader.
There are certainly scenarios where Darth Vader would have the upper hand in a duel with Yoda, but in most cases, Yoda would be the more likely victor. Vader wields absurd levels of Force power during his dark side prime that would certainly rival Yoda's own abilities, but likely not exceed them.
Star Wars fans had better be sitting down, because Darth Vader's comic book just revealed the single greatest feat that the Sith Lord ever achieved - finally tearing down the wall between the living and the dead. Fulfilling the dream that first pulled Anakin Skywalker to Emperor Palpatine's side.
1 Luke Skywalker
Having faced his father once before, Luke was familiar with his tactics and used the force to gain an upper-hand. In Star Wars Canon, only Luke Skywalker can be acknowledged as the one who truly defeated Darth Vader.
Darth Vader was also one of the strongest when it comes to using telekinesis. He was so strong that he could use this power to hurl entire boulders and destroy the earth's foundations. Vader also used his telekinetic abilities to pull down an entire ship about to leave a planet.
Infil'a put up a fierce fight against Vader, almost killing him by throwing the already damaged Sith Lord off of a cliff. Despite severe damage to his suit, Vader survived the fall, and repaired himself with parts from Infil'a's droid, Arex.
Obi-Wan Kenobi soundly defeated Vader in Star Wars: Episode III - Revenge of the Sith and Obi-Wan Kenobi, and is easily one of the most powerful Jedi Vader ever faced. Vader and Obi-Wan were similar in swordsmanship and Force-sensitivity, but Vader's hatred of Obi-Wan often caused him to fight irrationally.
1 Darth Sidious
As well as being a gifted bladesman Sidious' connection to the Dark Side is extremely powerful, granting Sidious the ability to conduct force lightning.
Vader, the only power who overrules him is papa Palpatine.
Luke Skywalker
However, once Luke fully embraced his power in Star Wars: Return of the Jedi, he proved that he was indeed stronger than Darth Vader and struck his father down.
This might be a bit of a controversial pick at just number three, but Darth Vader, perhaps the best-known Dark Side user, is not the most powerful Sith ever. Born Anakin Skywalker, Vader became an extremely powerful Jedi Knight, one who was prophesized to be the "Chosen One" who would bring balance to the Force.
If he had not burned, Vader could've been stronger, faster, more agile, and continue to perfect his original lightsaber fighting style instead of having to relearn how to fight with a modified Djem So. He would also be able to use Force lightning if he was never burned.
Unfortunately, Anakin's injuries also greatly lessened his connection to the Force. In a Vanity Fair interview from 2005, George Lucas went deeper into why Anakin became much weaker as Vader.
This means that Darth Vader is about 32 years old in Obi-Wan Kenobi. It's a Vader in his prime, demonstrating the perfect balance of Sith Power and physical prowess while finding a midway point between the aggressive reckless Anakin Obi-Wan left for dead on Mustafar and the slower Vader of the Original Trilogy.
Darth Vader's Insecurities are His Biggest Weaknesses
In the end, virtually all who have made the attempt to use Vader's cybernetic nature against him have ended up dead or defeated. The elite few who have had the upper hand, even before his conversion to mechanical monstrosity, have done so by dominating him mentally.
This time, it appears that Vader is finally acknowledging he could best the Sith who trained him. In retrospect, it causes his iconic redemption moment during Return of the Jedi to have some new context, since he was aware that he was the only person in the galaxy who could defeat his master.
Aside from agility and telekinesis, Yoda could absorb and redirect Force attacks, like lightning. Because of his higher understanding, he would easily overcome Darth Vader in a fight, though that doesn't mean it wouldn't be a difficult battle.
The Force: As the Chosen One, Vader was immensely powerful and had an amazingly strong connection to the Force, stronger than any Force-user ever in existence. He also possessed the potential to according to Obi-Wan Kenboi become the most powerful light and dark side Force-Sensitive being in the history of the galaxy.
The lightsaber duel didn't last long due to Luke's lack of training with the Jedi weapon and the Force, so Vader effortlessly snatched his old lightsaber from his son. Luke managed to escape before Vader could kill him, but Vader was quickly the winner of the fight itself.
Kylo and Rey (Daisy Ridley) also blasted the Imperial Crusier open trying to Force pull the Lightsaber away from each other, so clearly, Kylo Ren is an extremely strong Force-wielder. Nonetheless, it can be said that Darth Vader is the more powerful master of the Force for one key reason: his temperament.
Sidious mastered MUCH more force powers than Vader ever did, like force lightning, force wormhole, spirit transfer, etc. Maybe pre-suit Vader could have given Sidious a challenge, but suit Vader could never have. Also, I think it's fairly obvious that Sidious was the superior duelist to Vader.
Is Obi-Wan Kenobi More Powerful than Darth Vader? There just isn't any way that in an even fight Obi-Wan beats Vader. Although Vader is supposed to be one of the strongest force users of all time, we actually haven't had a chance to see him using his full strength very often.
Vader would have become more powerful if he didn't get super injured on Mustafar. Losing so much organic body mass decreased his connection to the Force. Knowing Sheev, he was (most likely) trying to mess with Yoda's head and distract him. Sith use any available technique to gain an advantage over enemies.