Rock bursts are often present in the deep-level mining of hard, brittle rock deposits. Rock bursts may result in the closing of a mine opening, and are often accompanied by ground tremors or rockfalls.
Rockburst is the sudden release of elastic strain energy in rock masses under high local stresses, as a result of rock fragmentation, ejection, projection and even earthquakes. From: Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2015.
Rock bursts, in which rocks are ejected suddenly in deep pits or tunnels, are caused by increase of stress in the surrounding rocks.
A quarry is a place where rocks, sand, or minerals are extracted from the surface of Earth. A quarry is a type of mine called an open-pit mine, because it is open to Earth's surface.
Intense rockbursts may cause fatal injuries to workers and significant loss of equipment and time. The occurrence of rockbursts is always difficult to predict and special steps and measures must be taken to control them.
Faulting as a term refers to rupture of rocks. Such ruptures occur at plate boundaries but can also occur in plate interiors as well. Faults slip along the fault plane.
Collapse Earthquakes
They are sometimes referred to as mine bursts. Collapse earthquakes are instigated by the pressure generated within the rocks. This kind of earthquake leads to the collapse of the roof of the mine instigating more tremors.
Open-pit mining, also known as opencast mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts minerals from an open pit in the ground. Open-pit mining is the most common method used throughout the world for mineral mining and does not require extractive methods or tunnels.
An open pit mine is typically excavated with a series of benches to reach greater depths. Open pit mining initially involves the removal of soil and rock on top of the ore via drilling or blasting, which is put aside for future reclamation purposes after the useful content of the mine has been extracted.
Open-pit mining is one of the most destructive mining methods because it requires extensive vegetation, topsoil, and rock removal to extract the ore deposits. It also produces a large amount of waste and has by-products that can adversely affect air and water quality.
Weathering describes the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of the Earth. Water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and changes in temperature are all agents of weathering. Once a rock has been broken down, a process called erosion transports the bits of rock and mineral away.
Earthquakes occur when rock ruptures (breaks), causing rocks on one side of a fault to move relative to the rocks on the other side. Although motion along a fault is part of what happens when an earthquake occurs, rocks grinding past each other is not what creates the shaking.
As mining proceeds, the weight of rock overburden previously supported by coal mined from rooms is redistributed to pillars. If that weight exceeds the strength of a pillar, the pillar can fail by crushing or exploding. An explosive failure is called a “bump.”
The correct answer is Methane with air. Methane explosions occur when methane gas from mining is built up and cannot escape because of high pressure.
Question: Why is Blasting necessary? Answer: In any kind of construction, quarrying or mining operation, blasting is generally considered the quickest and least costly method of removing rock. If explosives could not be used, many projects would become unreasonably expensive and would simply not be built.
A mine is an explosive placed underground or underwater that explodes when disturbed, or when remotely triggered. The term originated from the use of mining to go under the enemy's city walls. Mines, unlike bombs, are placed in situ and then require some other stimulus from a target before they will detonate.
Open-pit, underwater, and underground mining. These are the three main methods of mining we use to extract our products from the ground.
These mining categories are: strip mining, open-pit mining, mountaintop removal, dredging and high wall mining.
There are four main mining methods: underground, open surface (pit), placer, and in-situ mining. Underground mines are more expensive and are often used to reach deeper deposits.
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth from an open-air pit, sometimes known as a borrow.
Rockfall hazards in open pit mines are a constant threat to mine workers and are typically addressed by catch benches—horizontal spaces set in from the highwall to retain rock spillage—as mandated by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA).
Open pit mining is the most widely used technique of mining copper today. It is accomplished by creating and using benches or terraces to gradually reach deeper under the earth's surface. Underground mining is used when the copper ore is not near the earth's surface.
Antipersonnel landmines are explosive devices designed to be detonated by the presence, proximity, or contact of a person. Placed under or on the ground, they can lie dormant for years and even decades until a person or animal triggers their detonating mechanism.
Parts of some World War II naval minefields still exist because they are too extensive and expensive to clear. Some 1940s-era mines may remain dangerous for many years.