Overall, Mars is cold—its average global temperature is around -80 degrees Fahrenheit—and has a much thinner atmosphere than Earth. Because it has about a sixth of the pressure of Earth's atmosphere, the planet doesn't retain heat very long, causing temperatures to drop quickly.
Mars is very cold. The average temperature on Mars is minus 80 degrees Fahrenheit -- way below freezing! Its surface is rocky, with canyons, volcanoes, dry lake beds and craters all over it.
A summer day on Mars may get up to 70 degrees F (20 degrees C) near the equator, but at night the temperature can plummet to about minus 100 degrees F (minus 73 degrees C).
On Earth, much of the sunʼs heat gets trapped in our atmosphere, which acts like a blanket to keep our planet warm. But Marsʼ atmosphere is about 100 times thinner than Earthʼs - - so heat from the sun can easily escape.
Yet the fact remains that the astronauts will be unable to live on Mars except in very restricted conditions; they will have to stay inside their capsules, inside a base or inside their space suits. Mars is not suited to human visitors.
Flexi Says: Right now and for the foreseeable future, humans can only live on Earth. Humans have not traveled very far into space. The Moon is the only other place humans have visited. No other planet in our solar system currently has the conditions to support life as we know it on Earth.
Humanity could have an outpost on Mars just a decade from now, Elon Musk said. Musk's company SpaceX is building a huge, reusable rocket-spaceship duo called the BFR to help our species explore and settle Earth's moon, Mars and other worlds throughout the solar system.
Uranus holds the record for the coldest temperature ever measured in the Solar System: a very chilly -224℃. The temperature on Neptune is still very cold, of course – usually around -214℃ – but Uranus beats that. The reason why Uranus is so cold is nothing to do with its distance from the Sun.
Venus is the second planet from the Sun and Earth's closest planetary neighbor. Even though Mercury is closer to the Sun, Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system. Its thick atmosphere is full of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, and it has clouds of sulfuric acid.
Earth's average temperature is 14°C, but the average temperature on Mars is a chilly -63°C. Mars is colder than Earth because it is farther from the Sun, and the atmosphere is too thin to retain heat at the surface. A vast ocean system of liquid water covers 71% of the surface of Earth.
Oxygen is Rare on Mars
There is less than 1% of air on Mars as there is on Earth, and carbon dioxide makes up about 96% of it on Mars. Oxygen is only 0.13%, compared to 21% in Earth's atmosphere. If we want oxygen on Mars, we either have to bring it along, or make it ourselves.
Mars does have an atmosphere, but it is about 100 times thinner than Earth's atmosphere and it has very little oxygen. The atmosphere on Mars is made up of mainly carbon dioxide. An astronaut on Mars would not be able to breathe the Martian air and would need a spacesuit with oxygen to work outdoors.
Snow occurs only at the coldest extremes of Mars: at the poles, under cloud cover, and at night. Cameras on orbiting spacecraft can't see through those clouds, and surface missions can't survive in the extreme cold. As a result, no images of falling snow have ever been captured.
How cold is the surface of Jupiter really? According to NASA, the mean temperature of Jupiter is -166 °F. The average temperature of Jupiter's surface is about -238 °F. Since the planet is a gas giant, temperatures vary throughout the layers of clouds that give the planet the appearance known to people.
The red planet once had a global ocean, rivers, and lakes. Then, the solar wind — charged particles from the Sun — stripped away the Martian atmosphere. As the planet's protective shield faded, all liquid water on the surface evaporated into space, merged with minerals, or fled underground to become water ice.
With an average temperature of minus 288 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 178 degrees Celsius), Saturn is a pretty cool planet.
Neptune is the second coldest planet, Uranus's atmosphere makes it the coldest planet with temperature of minus 224 deg. celcius.
Our solar system is made up of a star—the Sun—eight planets, 146 moons, a bunch of comets, asteroids and space rocks, ice, and several dwarf planets, such as Pluto. The eight planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Mercury is closest to the Sun.
Mercury:
It is the first nearest planet from the Sun and the second hottest planet in the solar system. The range of temperature of the planet is -93 degree Celsius to 427 degree Celsius.
Saturn - Minus 220°F (-140°C) Uranus - Minus 320°F (-195°C) Neptune - Minus 330°F (-200°C) Dwarf Planet Pluto - Minus 375°F (-225°C)
Uranus' environment is not conducive to life as we know it. The temperatures, pressures, and materials that characterize this planet are most likely too extreme and volatile for organisms to adapt to.
Venus, the second planet from the sun, is the hottest and brightest planet in the solar system.
The surface of Pluto is extremely cold, so it seems unlikely that life could exist there. At such cold temperatures, water, which is vital for life as we know it, is essentially rock-like. Pluto's interior is warmer, however, and some think there could even be an ocean deep inside.
Jupiter's environment is probably not conducive to life as we know it. The temperatures, pressures, and materials that characterize this planet are most likely too extreme and volatile for organisms to adapt to.
Robert Zubrin has pointed out that Titan possesses an abundance of all the elements necessary to support life, saying "In certain ways, Titan is the most hospitable extraterrestrial world within our solar system for human colonization." The atmosphere contains plentiful nitrogen and methane.