Horsehair worms, part of the taxonomic phylum Nematomorpha, are parasitic worms that resemble long thin strands of hair (hence their nickname).
Horsehair worms are harmless to vertebrates, because they can't parasitize people, livestock, pets, or birds. They also don't infect plants. If humans ingest the worms, they may encounter some mild discomfort of the intestinal tract, but infection never occurs.
Horsehair worms are parasitic worms of the clade Nematoida alongside their sister taxa Nematoda, the roundworms. The most famous trait of certain species of horsehair worms is the ability to alter the behaviour of grasshoppers and crickets to seek water, causing the host to drown itself to complete its lifecycle.
There are two medications that can be used to treat the infection and manage the symptoms. The treatment of choice is diethylcarbamazine (DEC), which kills the microfilariae and adult worms. Albendazole is sometimes used in patients who are not cured with multiple DEC treatments.
Skin rash may appear as petechiae and purpura over the trunk and extremities. The massive migration of larvae within the skin causes small blood vessels under the skin to break and bleed out.
What is creeping eruption? Creeping eruption is a skin infection caused by hookworms. The infection is also called cutaneous larva migrans or sandworm disease. Creeping eruption causes severe itching, blisters, and a red growing, winding rash.
Patients with Morgellons disease may shed unusual particles from the skin described as fibers, “sand” or seed-like black specks, or crystallized particles.
The head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) is an insect parasite, spending its entire life on human hair and feeding exclusively on blood, 4-5 times daily. Man is the only known host of this parasite.
Where they live. Horsehair worms are often seen in puddles and other pools of fresh water, swimming pools, water tanks and on plants. They are especially noticeable after a rainfall. Horsehair worms may be found inside homes in toilets causing people to be concerned that it is a human parasite.
They are found in water or wet areas, such as in or alongside streams or puddles but they can occur in cisterns, livestock watering troughs or most open outdoor container with water. These harmless, curious creatures writhe slowly, contorting their hair-like bodies into intricate knots.
Adult hairworms have been associated with the digestive and urogenital tract of humans and larval hairworms will burrow into a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate tissue, including human facial tissue sometimes resulting in orbital tumors (Watson, 1960).
Horsehair worms are slender (1/25 to 1/8 inch wide), very long (4 to 24 inches), and yellowish-tan to brownish-black in color. They often squirm and twist, knotting themselves into a loose, ball-like shape, resembling the so called "gordian knot," in freshwater pools.
Horsehair worms are white when they first emerge from the host's body but turn yellowish-tan to brownish-black after a short time. The worms often squirm and twist in the water, knotting themselves into a loose, ball-like shape, resembling the "Gordian Knot." Another name for the horsehair worm is the Gordian worm.
Lice are tiny insects, smaller than a grain of rice and barely visible without a microscope. Unlike most parasites, they live on the outside of the body — usually on people's heads. They spend their entire lives there, feeding on blood, mating and laying eggs called nits. Lice are well-adapted for living on our scalps.
Cysticercosis is an infection caused by the larvae of the parasite Taenia solium. This infection occurs after a person swallows tapeworm eggs. The larvae get into tissues such as muscle and brain, and form cysts there (these are called cysticerci).
Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are two species of tiny parasitic mites that live in the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of human skin, respectively.
The most common symptoms of scabies, itching and a skin rash, are caused by sensitization (a type of “allergic” reaction) to the proteins and feces of the parasite. Severe itching (pruritus), especially at night, is the earliest and most common symptom of scabies.
Why is the human body covered in tiny, nearly-invisible hairs? New research from the University of Sheffield in Britain suggests that the fine hairs help the skin detect bloodsucking parasites — including bedbugs.
Lice are tiny, wingless insects that feed on human blood. Lice spread from person to person through close contact and by sharing belongings. There are three types of lice: Head lice found on the scalp.
How does a person get head lice? A person gets head lice because the insects crawl from person to person by direct contact or by sharing items — including combs, brushes and hats — with another person who has head lice. Poor hygiene doesn't cause head lice.
Demodex mite
Two species of this mite are found on human skin: Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis. The frequency of infestation in healthy adults varies between 23% and 100%. These mites are invisible to the human eye, with adult D. folliculorum mites between 0.3 mm and 0.4 mm in length and D.
Most forms of parasitic skin infections are treated primarily with topical medications to get rid of the parasites. In the case of swimmer's itch, which is a rash that affects people who swim in lakes and ponds that are infected with parasites, corticosteroid creams help clear up the infection.
Scabies is caused by tiny mites that burrow into the skin. Scabies is an itchy skin rash caused by a tiny burrowing mite called Sarcoptes scabiei. Intense itching occurs in the area where the mite burrows.
Named for the Greek word for gold (“chrȳsós”), worms in the family Chrysopetalidae really do glitter like the precious metal. Believe it or not, that 24-karat shine is the product of a lustrous mane that we humans could only hope for.