"Shortness of breath is a symptom that can be associated with many conditions, primarily heart and lung conditions. Both of these are incredibly important organs, so it's never a good idea to ignore shortness of breath or treat it lightly," says Dr. Zeenat Safdar, pulmonologist at Houston Methodist Lung Center.
Why is shortness of breath dangerous? Shortness of breath can be a symptom of multiple potentially life-threatening conditions, including pneumonia, heart attack, pulmonary embolism (blood clot in the lungs), sepsis (severe reaction to infection), pneumothorax (collapsed lung), and others.
Our experts recommend scheduling an appointment with your doctor if your shortness of breath is accompanied by swelling in your feet and ankles, trouble breathing when you lie flat, high fever, chills and cough, or wheezing. You should also see a doctor if you notice shortness of breath becoming more severe.
Although shortness of breath can make things difficult, you can find ways to cope. Living well with breathlessness comes from a combination of accepting that your life has changed, adapting the way you do things, and continuing to take part in activities.
Importantly, if shortness of breath is moderate to severe and occurs suddenly — and especially if it's accompanied by chest pain, lightheadedness and changes to the color of your skin — it's become a medical emergency that warrants a call to 911.
Warning signs and symptoms of heart failure include shortness of breath, chronic coughing or wheezing, swelling, fatigue, loss of appetite, and others. Heart failure means the heart has failed to pump the way it should in order to circulate oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.
Conditions that cause long-term breathlessness can often be treated to some extent, but some cannot be fully reversed. It's important to learn how to manage long-term breathlessness, so that you can live as well as possible with it.
If shortness of breath happens when you're clearly not exerting yourself, when you're doing something you normally could do without feeling winded, or comes on suddenly, those are warning signs that a heart issue could potentially be to blame.
If your shortness of breath symptoms last for four weeks or longer they may be considered chronic. Many conditions can cause chronic breathlessness including: Chronic lung diseases, including COPD, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension.
1) Acute, intermittent or paroxysmal, and chronic dyspnea. 2) Dyspnea at rest and exertional dyspnea. 3) Orthopnea, which refers to dyspnea occurring in the recumbent position and improving when sitting or standing. 4) Platypnea, which refers to dyspnea increasing in the sitting or standing position.
Shortness of breath — known medically as dyspnea — is often described as an intense tightening in the chest, air hunger, difficulty breathing, breathlessness or a feeling of suffocation. Very strenuous exercise, extreme temperatures, obesity and higher altitude all can cause shortness of breath in a healthy person.
Medications called bronchodilators can be inhaled through a device called an inhaler or a puffer. The medication is delivered right to your lungs. Some medications are long-term and work to prevent shortness of breath. Others are emergency medications, which you inhale when you experience sudden shortness of breath.
"Chest pain, rapid heartbeat and breathlessness may result when an insufficient amount of blood reaches the heart muscle," says Tung. (See "Symptoms" below.) One of the key distinctions between the two is that a heart attack often develops during physical exertion, whereas a panic attack can occur at rest.
Breathing exercises and light physical activity can help with breathing difficulties. Always consult your doctor or health practitioner before starting any type of exercise program.
Spirometry is a simple test used to help diagnose and monitor certain lung conditions by measuring how much air you can breathe out in one forced breath. It's carried out using a device called a spirometer, which is a small machine attached by a cable to a mouthpiece.
Check the person's airway, breathing, and pulse. If necessary, begin CPR. Loosen any tight clothing. Help the person use any prescribed medicine (such as an asthma inhaler or home oxygen).
While there are many causes of shortness of breath, the most common causes are lung disease, heart disease, or deconditioning (lack of exercise, especially in people who are overweight or obese).
Shortness of breath does not equal saturation (SaO2%)
In other words, your level of dyspnea, or air hunger, does not always correlate with your oxygen saturation. This means that you can be short of breath, even extremely short of breath, even in the presence of normal oxygen saturation.
People can experience shortness of breath while walking for a number of reasons. Sometimes, this occurs as a result of conditions such as anxiety, asthma, or obesity. Less commonly, shortness of breath signals a more serious underlying medical condition.
Stage I is considered “pre-heart failure.” High-risk individuals include patients with high blood pressure, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and coronary artery disease. A family history of alcohol abuse, rheumatic fever, cardiotoxic drug therapy, or cardiomyopathy can increase your risk.
Electrocardiogram. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart. The ECG reflects what's happening in different areas of the heart and helps identify any problems with the rhythm or rate of your heart. The ECG is painless and takes around 5-10 minutes to perform.