The three aggression types comprised reactive-expressive (i.e., verbal and physical aggression), reactive-inexpressive (e.g., hostility), and proactive-relational aggression (i.e., aggression that can break human relationships, for instance, by circulating malicious rumours).
Aggression can be verbal or physical. There are four types of aggressive behavior: accidental, expressive, instrumental, and hostile.
Types of aggression:
Social/relational and cyberbullying, Instrumental/cognitive and physical, Verbal and emotional/impulsive, Instrumental/cognitive and social/relational.
There are two main types of aggression: impulsive aggression (known as reactive aggressive behaviors) and instrumental aggression (known as proactive aggressive behaviors). Both are often shown through either physical aggression (such as slapping, hitting, or punching) or through harsh emotional outbursts.
Three main groups of aggression theories are examined: Psychoanalytic, drive and learning theory.
Two major types of aggression, proactive and reactive, are associated with contrasting expression, eliciting factors, neural pathways, development, and function. The distinction is useful for understanding the nature and evolution of human aggression.
In addition to Pavlov, Skinner, Thorndike, and Watson, the list of behaviorists among psychologists included, among others, E. C. Tolman (1886–1959), C. L. Hull (1884–52), and E. R. Guthrie (1886–1959).
Though outbursts of anger can appear unpredictable and chaotic, however, they usually follow an identifiable pattern called the “aggression cycle” (Reilly et al., 1994; Videbeck, 2014). This cycle has five phases: (1) Trigger; (2) Escalation; (3) Crisis; (4) Recovery; and (5) Post-Crisis.
In general we can identify five approaches to understanding our aggression: ethological, psychotherapeutic, social learning, frustration-aggression, and cultural.
The link between the Big Five personality traits and aggression. Regression analysis revealed that neuroticism and extraversion were positively associated with aggression, agreeableness was negatively related to aggression, while openness to experience and conscientiousness were unrelated to aggression.
Emotional or impulsive aggression refers to aggression that occurs with only a small amount of forethought or intent and that is determined primarily by impulsive emotions.
Aggression can be direct behaviors such as hitting, kicking, biting, and pushing to name a few. Additionally, aggression can take on an indirect form like teasing, bullying, spreading rumors, name-calling, or ignoring someone.
Aggression is a common symptom of many psychiatric disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, Tourette's disorder, mood disorders (including bipolar disorder), substance-related disorders, alcohol-related disorders, mental retardation, pervasive ...
The angry factor of aggression appears to be positively related to Neuroticism; this type of aggression may be similar to reactive aggression. As such, Neuroticism may be particularly likely to be positively related to aggressive behavior only under provocation.
An aggressive personality trait or trait aggressiveness has been defined as “a general propensity to engage in acts of physical and verbal aggression, a proneness to anger, and a proneness to hold hostile beliefs about other people across situations” (Buss & Perry, 1992; Baron & Richardson, 1994; Berkowitz, 1993; ...
The interpretation of behavioural knowledge is outlined by the 3 C's: Cognitivism. Constructivism. Connectivism.
Four models that present a logical and reasonable approach to behavioral change include the Health Belief Model, the Theory of Self Efficacy, the Theory of Reasoned Action, and the Multiattribute Utility Model.
The Behavioral Psychologist B. F. Skinner's learning theory states that a person is exposed to a stimulus, which evokes a response, and then the response is reinforced (stimulus creates response, and then reinforcement). This finally leads to the human behavior conditioning.
Aggression can be learned in the home, in the school, and from television programs. Children subjected over extended periods to repeated frustrations, rejection, and other aversive stimuli may eventually learn to strike back with aggression and perceive the world as a hostile place.
Indirect aggression is circuitous in nature and entails actions such as getting others to dislike a person, excluding peers from the group, giving someone the 'silent treatment', purposefully divulging secrets to others, and the use of derisive body and facial gestures to make another feel self-conscious.