Salmonellosis is a disease caused by the bacteria Salmonella. It is usually characterized by acute onset of fever, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea and sometimes vomiting. The onset of disease symptoms occurs 6–72 hours (usually 12–36 hours) after ingestion of Salmonella, and illness lasts 2–7 days.
An estimated 1.35 million Salmonella cases occur annually in the United States. Approximately 420 people in the United States die each year due to Salmonella. Salmonella lives in the intestinal tracts of animals, including birds, and people. People usually become infected by eating foods contaminated with animal feces.
Most people with Salmonella infection have diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps. Symptoms usually begin six hours to six days after infection and last four to seven days. However, some people do not develop symptoms for several weeks after infection and others experience symptoms for several weeks.
Salmonellosis includes several syndromes (gastroenteritis, enteric fevers, septicemia, focal infections, and an asymptomatic carrier state) (Fig. 1).
Salmonella are gram-negative bacteria and common causes of gastrointestinal illness. Infection typically manifests as severe stomach cramps, fever, and diarrhea that can last several days, though other disease presentations, such as sepsis, can also occur.
Interesting Facts:
Most reptiles and amphibians carry Salmonella. Salmonella diseases are zoonotic, spreading from animals to humans, and also from human to human. Salmonella move through their host's intestines via flagella. There are approximately 2,500 different strains of Salmonella.
Salmonella Enteritidis, one of the most common serotypes of Salmonella reported worldwide, often linked to eggs. If a fertile egg is contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis, it infects the new chick.
A foodborne disease outbreak is an incident during which at least two people contract the same illness from the same contaminated food or drink. Slovakia, Spain and Poland accounted for 67% of the 1 581 Salmonella outbreaks. These outbreaks were mainly linked to eggs.
Scientists have discovered that Salmonella causes disease by preventing deployment of the immune system's 'SAS'. When harmful bacteria invade our body, the immune system releases an elite force of cells to destroy the invader.
This can result in kidney failure as a result of damaged cells clogging tiny blood vessels, according to MayoClinic.com.
Some people may also have nausea, vomiting, or a headache. Symptoms usually start within 6 hours–6 days after infection and last 4–7 days.
When Salmonella bacteria are ingested, they pass through a person's stomach and colonize the small and large intestine. There, the bacteria invade the intestinal mucosa and proliferate. The bacteria can invade the lymphoid tissues of the gastrointestinal tract and spread to the bloodstream.
A 3 percent ratio (2 to 5 tablespoons) of dried plum mixture (prunes) to 2 pounds of ground beef kills more than 90 percent of major food-borne pathogens, including E. coli, salmonella, listeria, Y.
Most people recover without specific treatment. Antibiotics are typically used only to treat people with severe illness. Patients should drink extra fluids as long as diarrhea lasts. In some cases, diarrhea may be so severe that the person needs to be hospitalized.
Salmonella typhi is the one type of salmonella that lives only in humans. It is passed only from human to human through contaminated food or water. It tends to cause a serious and life-threatening infection called typhoid fever. Treatment often needs antibiotics.
Diagnosing Salmonella infection requires testing a specimen (sample), such as stool (poop) or blood. Testing can help guide treatment decisions. Infection is diagnosed when a laboratory test detects Salmonella bacteria in stool, body tissue, or fluids.
Salmonellosis is an infection with a bacteria called Salmonella, Salmonella live in the intestinal tracts of animals, including birds. Salmonella are usually transmitted to humans by eating foods contaminated with animal feces. Every year, approximately 40,000 cases of salmonellosis are reported in the United States.
Salmonella can be found in a variety of foods, including chicken, beef, pork, eggs, fruits, vegetables, and even processed foods. Some people are more likely to get an infection and serious illness.
Annual culture-confirmed human infection surveys regarding Salmonella indicate that the five most prevalent serovars in decreasing order are Enteritidis, Newport, Typhimurium, Javiana, and monophasic Typhimurium 4,[5],12:i:− in the United States (19) and Enteritidis, Typhimurium, monophasic Typhimurium 1,4,[5],12:i−, ...
Typical Salmonella appear as blue-green to blue colonies with black centers. Many Salmonella cultures have large glossy black centers or may appear as almost completely black colonies. ➢ H2S negative Salmonella appear as blue-green to blue colonies without black centers.