Disadvantages of Manure
The manures are reported to provide fewer nutrients to plants, and they are unable to provide high-yielding crops. Manures are slowly absorbed by the plants, and they add a lot of humus to the soil. They are made in fields, so transportation is difficult for manures.
Manure is often disposed of in piles, slurries or lagoons, which can lead to significant emissions of the greenhouse gas methane, as well environmental degradation, negative health impacts, and the loss of valuable nutrients that could be added to soil.
The phosphorus and nitrogen in cow manure, after it's applied to farmland as fertilizer, can run off with rainfall into local waterways, including Lake Erie, contributing to algal blooms that turn the water green and can produce toxins harmful to drinking water.
Manure provides nutrients to the soil while keeping its fertility. It produces healthy plants and has no negative effects on the crops. Fertilizers are substances that reduce soil fertility when used on a regular basis.
Odor – Organic manure can have a strong and unpleasant odor that can be unpleasant for farmers and nearby residents. It may also attract unwanted pests. Nutrient variability – The nutrient content of organic manure can vary widely depending on the source and processing methods.
Manure contamination can increase nitrate levels in ground water and cause bacterial contamination and fish kills in surface waters. Excess phosphorus can be contained in erosion or runoff from fields and accumulate in surface water impoundments such as ponds and lakes.
First of all, you should avoid using fresh or un-composted raw manure on all your fruits and vegetables. Mainly the root vegetables such as radish, carrot, beetroot, and potato. It can burn and damage your crops. But, this is not the case for composted animal manures.
Manure contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients that plants need to grow. Farmers can often save money by properly using manure as a fertilizer. Farmers can also sell manure or manure products to gardeners, landscapers, golf courses, and others who use nutrients to grow plants.
Fresh manure breaks down faster than composted manure.
Not all manure provides nutrients to plants. As it breaks down, manure containing lots of bedding takes nitrogen from the soil. This reduces the amount of nitrogen available to plants.
Animal manure may also carry pathogens that can present dangers to human health. cause of water quality impairment in streams, rivers, and estuaries. There are more than 150 organisms that can spread infection from animals to humans. Many of those can be found in animal feces and urine.
Animal manure can enhance soil biological activity, favoring nutrient cycling and availability for crops and generating the “glue” critical to stable soil aggregates. Several studies demonstrated the positive effects of manure on soil biological properties, and its impact in microbes and larger fauna.
The correct option is C It is of high cost and can't be prepared in fields. The following are the advantages of using manure in fields: It adds a large amount of humus in soil. It is rich in soil-friendly organisms.
However, raw chicken manure can burn and damage plants. It should be composted or aged prior to use. In addition, raw manure can contain pathogens that can harm people and animals.
Manure does not always contain as many nutrients as fertilizers. Manure is mainly based on an animal's diet and can only be created when they lay waste. Whereas Fertilizers are made in an industrial environment. Manure is organic whereas fertilizers are a synthetic product.
Most experienced gardeners will tell you that the manure must first of all be composted before you can use it to feed your plants, and indeed there is some merit in this advice.
Bacteria: There are several bacterial pathogens shed in livestock manure capable of causing disease in humans, including the common food-borne pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Listeria, and Clostridium.
The primary factors that affect nutrient composition of manure are livestock type, stage of growth and feeding practices (all of which determine nutrient excretion rates) as well as the amount of bedding or water added to the manure, type of manure storage, time that the manure spends in storage and weather conditions.
Organic manure improves the texture of the soil by not altering the pH of the soil. It has more moisture and organic content. Organic manure is usually derived from animal matter, animal and human excreta, and vegetative matter (e.g. compost and crop residues). As a result, it causes less damage to the environment.
However, excessive use of chemical fertilizers has led to several issues such as serious soil degradation, nitrogen leaching, soil compaction, reduction in soil organic matter, and loss of soil carbon.