Chronic, severe vomiting or diarrhea and other causes of dehydration. This causes your body to lose electrolytes, such as sodium, and also increases ADH levels. Drinking too much water. Drinking excessive amounts of water can cause low sodium by overwhelming the kidneys' ability to excrete water.
Hyponatremia occurs when your blood sodium level goes below 135 mEq/L. When the sodium level in your blood is too low, extra water goes into your cells and makes them swell. This swelling can be dangerous especially in the brain, since the brain cannot expand past the skull.
Symptoms of hyponatremia can include nausea and vomiting, loss of energy and confusion. Serious hyponatremia can cause seizures, coma and even death.
So, the most common reason for low sodium is a kidney problem. When the kidneys are not functioning normally, which can be seen in chronic kidney disease or even temporary dehydration, the body holds too much water. And the proportion of sodium compared to water in the body lowers the sodium level.
Drinking excessive amounts of water can cause low sodium by overwhelming the kidneys' ability to excrete water. Because you lose sodium through sweat, drinking too much water during endurance activities, such as marathons and triathlons, can also dilute the sodium content of your blood.
Our bodies need a small amount of salt for a variety of functions, such as the working of nerves and muscles. However, there is enough sodium present in all foods that a lack of sodium does not generally cause any problems in these areas. It is rarely necessary to add extra salt to food.
Drinks that can help raise your sodium levels include sports drinks that contain electrolytes, like Gatorade. You can also drink broth or bouillon, which is high in sodium, or tomato juice, which is a good source of sodium.
At-home sodium tests are available and require either a urine or blood sample. A home sodium urine test comprises a container, a test strip, and a set of illustrated instructions. The procedure includes collecting fresh urine in the container and then briefly dipping the test strip into the urine.
Acute hyponatremia is less common, and the goal is to return the sodium levels to normal to prevent cerebral edema and brain death. In most patients, if the source of excess water intake is eliminated, the body's kidneys can correct the sodium abnormalities on their own.
The rate of sodium correction should be 6 to 12 mEq per L in the first 24 hours and 18 mEq per L or less in 48 hours. An increase of 4 to 6 mEq per L is usually sufficient to reduce symptoms of acute hyponatremia.
The medical team will restore the sodium level over the course of several hours or days, depending on the severity of your condition.
Drugs. Diuretics make up one of the most common causes of hyponatremia in the elderly. Thiazide diuretics are usually associated with hyponatremia, while loop diuretics only occasionally induce hyponatremia.
Drinking too much water, can cause the electrolyte levels in the body to get out of whack and cause sodium levels plummet.
Hydration is extremely important. Consuming sufficient water can help your body remove excess sodium from your body. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, daily fluid intake recommendations vary by age, sex, pregnancy and breastfeeding status.
But you might not know that a banana a day keeps high blood pressure at bay. This fruit is packed full of potassium — an important blood pressure-lowering mineral. Potassium helps balance sodium in the body. The more potassium you eat, the more sodium your body gets rid of.
Thus, caffeine appears to increase urinary sodium excretion by inhibiting renal ENaC activity secondary to the AMPK pathway.
Damage the kidneys.
Lots of sodium also increases the level of blood markers of kidney damage.
Hyponatremia and vitamin D deficiency are frequent disorders, and both have been associated with gait disturbances, falls and fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the existence of an association between serum sodium and vitamin D serum levels.
Electrolyte Imbalance
If you have really high or low levels of electrolytes like sodium or potassium, it can cause anxiety or panic-like symptoms. These include shortness of breath, confusion, and rapid heartbeat. You might also be irritable, lightheaded, fatigued, or have headaches or nausea.
A low sodium diet decreases strain on the heart.
This increases your blood pressure, which in turn means the heart has to work harder with every beat. Over time this causes strain on the heart and can eventually lead to heart failure,” says Vasudev Ananthram, M.D., a cardiologist with Riverside Cardiology Specialists.