Although Muslims can pray to God at any time, there are five prayers they are obligated to perform throughout the day. They follow the same pattern so everyone can follow in congregation, and set prayers are always recited in Arabic. Takbir is entering into the state of prayer by glorifying God.
Standing, bowing and prostrating are pillars of the prayer
Whoever is not able to do them because of sickness or old age, it is Sunnah for him to sit on the ground or on a chair .
The rug provides a significant ritual context for the user, framing and enabling distinct postures, movements, and mindset for the occasion of prayer. In particular, the rug creates a special and private space for the Muslim, whose aim is to silently communicate with God.
The Muslim prayer mat is known as sajjadat aṣ-ṣalat in Arabic, namazlik in Turkish, and janamaz in Urdu and Persian. During the Ottoman and Mughal dynasties, carpets were traded and were sometimes so intricate that they were used as wall decorations rather than mats.
The word evolved from the Arabic term masjid, which means "place of prostration." During prayer, Muslims briefly kneel and touch their foreheads to the ground as a sign of submission (literally, Islam) to the will of God.
In Islam, a prayer mat is placed between the ground and the worshipper for cleanliness during the various positions of Islamic prayer. These involve prostration and sitting on the ground. A Muslim must perform wudu (ablution) before prayer, and must pray in a clean place.
Facing the qibla, the direction of the Kaaba with respect to those praying, many to most Muslims pray first standing and later kneeling or sitting on the ground, reciting prescribed prayers and phrases from the Quran as they bow and prostrate themselves in between.
Some early Muslims used due south everywhere as the qibla, literally following Muhammad's instruction to face south while he was in Medina (Mecca is due south of Medina). Some mosques as far away as al-Andalus to the west and Central Asia to the east face south, even though Mecca is nowhere near that direction.
Similarly, some may take slightly longer or shorter to perform prayers. The recommended 10-15 minutes includes the act of purification (washing) required before prayer. Prayers should take place somewhere that is clean and quiet.
In Islam, Friday prayer, or Congregational prayer (Arabic: صَلَاة ٱلْجُمُعَة Ṣalāt al-Jumuʿah), is a prayer (ṣalāt) that Muslims hold every Friday after noon, instead of the Zuhr prayer. Muslims ordinarily pray five times each day according to the sun's sky path, regardless of time zones.
Allah is the standard Arabic word for God and is used by Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews as well as by Muslims.
Manners of sitting or kneeling
Resting the buttocks on the left heel while kneeling, with the right heel propped up (the ball of the foot touching the floor and toes flexed forward)
Islam requires its adherents to pray five times a day (known as salat), which involves kneeling on a prayer mat and touching the ground (or a raised piece of clay called turbah by the Shia) with one's forehead.
Al-Shawkani explains the above which orders to "stand shoulder to shoulder" to mean: "Aligning the body parts with one another so that the shoulders of each person praying are arranged and in line with the shoulders of others. In this way, shoulders and necks will be aligned."
One of the pillars of Islam is that Muslims pray five times a day. Before those prayers, they are expected to perform a purification ritual called Wudu, requiring that they wash their faces, hands, arms, and feet.
Muslims are only supposed to bow, with the intention to worship, to Allah. Moreover, bowing as a greeting or sign of thanks or respect, without an intent to worship, is also classified as shirk (major sin) and forbidden according to a specific hadith in Sunan-at-Tirmidhi.
Daily prayer is universal in Muslim communities because it is one of the five requirements all Muslims must observe, or the Five Pillars. It isn't necessary to pray in a Mosque, or even a private area. The only requirement is that the space be clean.
Pork is a food taboo among Jews, Muslims, and some Christian denominations. Swine were prohibited in ancient Syria and Phoenicia, and the pig and its flesh represented a taboo observed, Strabo noted, at Comana in Pontus.
Traditional dress for Muslim men has typically covered at least the head and the area between the waist and the knees, while women's islamic dress is to conceal the hair and the body from the ankles to the neck.
It's not the posture of the body but the attitude of the heart that counts when we pray. The Bible speaks of bowing in prayer, kneeling on one's face before God, standing, sitting and walking. The most important thing isn't the position of the body but the condition of the soul.
Islam requires modest dress to maintain moral and social order. Muslim women are required to wear clothes that are neither transparent nor shape-revealing. Arms, legs, and hair must be covered, especially in the presence of males who are not in the woman's family.
“I learned that the faith says that if you can pray, you should pray. If you can't kneel while you're praying then pray standing up. If you can't stand up while you're praying then sit down. If you have to lay down, then lay down.
Those who follow it are called Muslims (meaning "submitters to God"). Muslims view Christians to be People of the Book, and also regard them as kafirs (unbelievers) committing shirk (polytheism) because of the Trinity, and thus, contend that they must be dhimmis (religious taxpayers) under Sharia law.
Most mainstream Muslims would generally agree they worship the same God that Christians — or Jews — worship. Zeki Saritoprak, a professor of Islamic studies at John Carroll University in Cleveland, points out that in the Quran there's the Biblical story of Jacob asking his sons whom they'll worship after his death.