symbol for discriminative stimulus.
(symbol: SD) a measure of the variability of a set of scores or values within a group, indicating how narrowly or broadly they deviate from the mean.
The mean is a measure of central tendency that is calculated by adding all of the scores in a data set and dividing by the total number of scores. It is the most sensitive measure of central tendency as it includes all of the scores in its calculation. However, it is easily distorted by extreme values.
n. a measure of dispersion obtained by subtracting the lowest score in a distribution from the highest score. For example, if the highest score on a test is 100 and the lowest score is 10, then the range is (100 – 10) = 90 points.
(symbol: σ2) n. a measure of the spread, or dispersion, of scores within a sample or population, whereby a small variance indicates highly similar scores, all close to the sample mean, and a large variance indicates more scores at a greater distance from the mean and possibly spread over a larger range.
Variance is the average squared deviations from the mean, while standard deviation is the square root of this number. Both measures reflect variability in a distribution, but their units differ: Standard deviation is expressed in the same units as the original values (e.g., minutes or meters).
Standard deviation measures how far apart numbers are in a data set. Variance, on the other hand, gives an actual value to how much the numbers in a data set vary from the mean. Standard deviation is the square root of the variance and is expressed in the same units as the data set.
The range tells us the difference between the largest and smallest value in the entire dataset. The standard deviation tells us the typical deviation of individual values from the mean value in the dataset.
In psychology, there are different ways that variables can be measured and psychologists typically group measurements into one of four scales: nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio.
In psychology and many disciplines that draw on psychology, data is classified as having one of four measurement scale types: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
mental age (MA)
a numerical scale unit derived by dividing an individual's results in an intelligence test by the average score for other people of the same age.
There may be several theories within an approach, but they all share these assumptions. The five major psychological perspectives are biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic, and provide different lenses through which phenomena are explained and analyzed.
mental age, intelligence test score, expressed as the chronological age for which a given level of performance is average or typical. An individual's mental age is then divided by his chronological age and multiplied by 100, yielding an intelligence quotient (IQ).
SD, or discriminative stimulus, is formally defined as “a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced” (Malott, 2007).
Standard deviation, a mathematical statistical measure.
Sweet dreams. An acronym that is referenced when saying goodnight to another person; used to wish a person pleasant dreams; often used when chatting, texting, or on Facebook; similar to GNST.
The 10-item Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) measures severity of depression in individuals 18 years and older. Each item is rated on a 7-point scale. The scale is an adaptation of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and has a greater sensitivity to change over time.
In the given problem, the variable level of anxiety has been classified into four categories-low, medium, high, can't talk about it. Therefore, the answer is a. Nominal.
A Likert Scale is a type of psychometric scale frequently used in psychology questionnaires. It was developed by and named after organizational psychologist Rensis Likert. Self-report inventories are one of the most widely used tools in psychological research.
If we have taken a sample from a population, the sample standard deviation (SD) measures by how much the sample data deviates from the sample mean. The standard deviation is the positive square root of the variance. It is calculated using the formula: s= ⎷1n−1n∑i=1(xi−¯x)2.
Standard deviation is important because it helps in understanding the measurements when the data is distributed. The more the data is distributed, the greater will be the standard deviation of that data.
The range rule tells us that the standard deviation of a sample is approximately equal to one-fourth of the range of the data. In other words s = (Maximum – Minimum)/4. This is a very straightforward formula to use, and should only be used as a very rough estimate of the standard deviation.
Standard deviation is preferred over mean as it is expressed in the same units as those of the measurements while the variance is expressed in the units larger than the given data set.
Key Takeaways. The Empirical Rule states that 99.7% of data observed following a normal distribution lies within 3 standard deviations of the mean. Under this rule, 68% of the data falls within one standard deviation, 95% percent within two standard deviations, and 99.7% within three standard deviations from the mean.