Numbness or reduced ability to feel pain or temperature changes, especially in your feet and toes. A tingling or burning feeling. Sharp, jabbing pain that may be worse at night. Extreme sensitivity to touch — for some people even the weight of a sheet can be painful.
The first symptoms are usually decreased feeling or tingling in the toes. Dysesthesias, usually burning pain, may develop, although the majority of diabetic patients with a distal sensory neuropathy do not complain of significant discomfort.
The most common symptoms of diabetic neuropathy are numbness, tingling, a burning feeling, aching, cramps and weakness. Symptoms often begin in their feet or hands. These symptoms may later spread to their legs and arms.
Diabetic patients often experience neuropathy in their feet and might wonder if their symptoms are a form of carpal tunnel. In fact, there is a similar condition called tarsal tunnel syndrome. Like carpal tunnel, it mimics symptoms of diabetic neuropathy.
Most believe only diabetics suffer from peripheral neuropathy. And rightly so since somewhere between 60-70% of people with diabetes end up with nerve damage. As with most things, however, that's not the case. The truth is that anybody can suffer from this condition.
What causes diabetic neuropathy? Over time, high blood glucose levels, also called blood sugar, and high levels of fats, such as triglycerides, in the blood from diabetes can damage your nerves. High blood glucose levels can also damage the small blood vessels that nourish your nerves with oxygen and nutrients.
Nerve damage may occur in a nerve located in the face, torso, or leg. This type of diabetic neuropathy most often occurs suddenly and is most often seen in older adults. Damage from Mononeuropathy is often not long-term, and symptoms usually disappear within a few months.
Some toxic and inflammation-based forms of peripheral neuropathy may develop rapidly over days or weeks, while most other conditions take months, years or even decades to develop.
Peripheral neuropathy is nerve damage most often caused by diabetes, hence it is also referred to as diabetic peripheral neuropathy; it is a result of prolonged elevated levels of blood sugar.
No, diabetic neuropathy can't be reversed (but the symptoms can be treated). Once the nerves have been damaged they cannot repair themselves.
Avoid soaking your feet, as this can lead to dry skin. Dry your feet gently, especially between the toes. Moisturize your feet and ankles with lotion or petroleum jelly. Do not put oils or creams between your toes — the extra moisture can lead to infection.
Painful diabetic neuropathy manifests as burning, excruciating, stabbing or intractable type of pain or presents with tingling or numbness.
Tingling, burning, or pain in your feet. Loss of sense of touch or ability to feel heat or cold very well. A change in the shape of your feet over time. Loss of hair on your toes, feet, and lower legs.
On the hands, you'll notice tight, waxy skin on the backs of your hands. The fingers can become stiff and difficult to move. If diabetes has been poorly controlled for years, it can feel like you have pebbles in your fingertips. Hard, thick, and swollen-looking skin can spread, appearing on the forearms and upper arms.
Diabetic dermopathy
The spots look like red or brown round patches or lines in the skin and are common in people with diabetes. They appear on the front of your legs (your shins) and are often confused with age spots. The spots don't hurt, itch, or open up.
Because peripheral artery disease affects the lower extremities, they can sometimes be mistaken for peripheral neuropathy symptoms, and vice versa.
Typically, the nerve pain first affects the toes and surrounding areas, and it may then slowly spread to the rest of the feet and up the legs. Symptoms of diabetic neuropathy include: tingling, burning, sharp, or shooting pain in the toes or feet. the sensation of an electric shock in these areas.
Avoid factors that may cause nerve damage, including repetitive motions, cramped positions that put pressure on nerves, exposure to toxic chemicals, smoking and overindulging in alcohol.
He added, however, that "other studies have shown that correction of prediabetes by normalizing blood sugar levels through weight loss, diet, and exercise can halt progression of neuropathy, and this [study] reinforces that concept."
There is currently no way to reverse diabetic neuropathy, although scientists are working on future treatments. For now, the best approach is to manage blood sugar levels through medication and lifestyle changes. Keeping glucose within target levels can reduce the risk of developing neuropathy and its complications.
The body is not able to repair nerve tissues that have been damaged, meaning that diabetic neuropathy cannot be reversed. However, the side effects can be managed, and neuropathy treatment often focuses on preventing further damage from happening.