Acral or acrofacial vitiligo is a common form of vitiligo perceived to be transitional in the evolution of generalized vitiligo. Oral and genital lesions are frequently associated. Unlike the facial lesions, the acral lesions are resistant to treatment.
One or only a few areas of the body. This type is called localized (focal) vitiligo. The face and hands. With this type, called acrofacial vitiligo, the affected skin is on the face and hands, and around body openings, such as the eyes, nose and ears.
What causes vitiligo? Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease. This type of disease develops when your immune system attacks part of your own body. If you have vitiligo, your immune system attacks cells in your body called melanocytes. These are cells that make pigment.
Vitiligo is often mistaken for lichen sclerosus, but this disease presents with depigmentation only, with no symptoms, texture change, scale, erosions, or evidence of rubbing or scratching.
The exact cause of lichen sclerosus isn't known. It's likely a combination of factors, including an overactive immune system, your genetic makeup, and previous skin damage or irritation. Lichen sclerosus isn't contagious and can't be spread through sexual contact.
Pityriasis versicolor can sometimes be confused with vitiligo, as they both cause the skin to become discoloured in patches. But there are ways to tell the difference: vitiligo often develops symmetrically (on both sides of your body at the same time), while pityriasis versicolor may not.
Stress increases the levels of catecholamines, neuropeptides, and cortisol that are higher in vitiligo patients [37–39] suggesting their role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
Vitiligo is associated with several comorbid autoimmune, systemic, and dermatological diseases, primarily thyroid disease, alopecia areata, diabetes mellitus, pernicious anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Addison's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, Sjögren's syndrome, dermatomyositis, ...
Research suggests that most people who develop vitiligo do so during childhood. As you age, Dr. Mohta says untreated vitiligo often progresses to involve the surrounding skin or create new patches of discoloration.
The one significant observation that we found to have the poor prognostic implication in vitiligo is the presence of mucosal vitiligo.
Acral lentiginous melanoma is typically treated with surgery. The goal is to remove the lesion as well as some healthy surrounding skin to capture as much of the cancerous margins possible. The surgeon may also remove surrounding lymph nodes to determine whether the cancer has begun to spread.
The causes of acral pigmentation varies from genetic to acquired, benign to malignant, autoimmune to infectious, drug induced, nutritional deficiencies, post inflammatory, and even exogenous reasons. [1] The pigmentation can occur in isolation or can be associated with various systemic features.
Mixed type vitiligo is a rare type of vitiligo. People with this type develop both segmental vitiligo and color loss beyond the area with segmental vitiligo.
Cutaneous manifestations associated with vitamin B12 deficiency are skin hyperpigmentation, vitiligo, angular stomatitis, and hair changes.
Vitiligo is epidemiologically associated with increased risk of autoimmune thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes, pernicious anemia, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Addison's disease8,15.
Vitiligo is generally considered to be an autoimmune disorder. Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system attacks the body's own tissues and organs. In people with vitiligo the immune system appears to attack the pigment cells (melanocytes) in the skin .
Vitiligo often starts as a pale patch of skin that gradually turns completely white. The centre of a patch may be white, with paler skin around it. If there are blood vessels under the skin, the patch may be slightly pink, rather than white. The edges of the patch may be smooth or irregular.
Our dermatologists often diagnose vitiligo based solely on a physical examination. If doctors need more information about how the condition affects your skin cells, they may suggest a skin biopsy or blood test.
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that predominantly affects the anogenital region in women. LS has been associated with various autoimmune conditions and most commonly autoimmune thyroid disorders, although reported rates of thyroid disease prevalence in patients with LS vary widely.
Typical lesions of lichen sclerosus are porcelain-white papules and plaques, often seen in conjunction with areas of ecchymosis or purpura. The skin typically appears whitened, thinned and crinkling ('cigarette paper' in appearance).
Hormonal. Because of the prevalence of diagnosis in prepubescent and post-menopausal vulva owners, low estrogen levels could be a factor in triggering Lichen Sclerosus. Atrophy caused by low estrogen often accompanies an LS diagnosis.