Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic, complex, premalignant condition of the oral cavity, characterized by juxta-epithelial inflammatory reaction and progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissues. As the disease progresses, the oral mucosa becomes fibrotic to the point that the person is unable to open the mouth.
Causative factors of OSF include autoimmunity, vitamin B, C, and iron deficiencies, chewing betel nut, consumption of spicy foods, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, and genetic mutations [11,12,13,14,15].
Diagnostic approach. Diagnosis of OSMF is based on clinical signs and symptoms that include burning sensation, pain, and ulceration (Table 4) [4, 46, 47]. Progressive restriction in mouth opening, blanching of the mucosa, depapillation of the tongue, and loss of pigmentation are other classic features (Fig. 3) [46].
At early stages, stopping habit and nutritional supplements are done. At moderate stages, conservative treatment such as intralesional injections along with medical treatment is provided. At advanced stages, surgical interventions are needed.
Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic debilitating disease of the oral cavity characterized by inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissues (lamina propria and deeper connective tissues). Oral submucous fibrosis results in marked rigidity and an eventual inability to open the mouth.
When treatment is required, the only option is surgical excision of the fibroma with narrow margins. It may recur after surgery if the source of irritation continues. It is therefore also important to manage the source of the irritation. Oral fibromas do not disappear without treatment.
Long-standing pulmonary fibrosis also increases your risk of developing lung cancer. Lung complications. As pulmonary fibrosis progresses, it may lead to complications such as blood clots in the lungs, a collapsed lung or lung infections.
Severe oral submucous fibrosis is irreversible. Moderate oral submucous fibrosis is reversible with cessation of habit and mouth opening exercise. Current modern day medical treatments can make the mouth opening to normal minimum levels of 30 mm mouth opening with proper treatment.
It includes ayurvedic remedies that may be helpful in treating submucous fibrosis like- herbs that are believed to be beneficial in treatment of fibrosis are- turmeric, aloe vera, licorice, neem, and triphala etc. are very effective in treating various disorders. Help reduce the burning sensation.
Hyaluronidase. The use of topical hyaluronidase has been shown to improve symptoms more quickly than steroids alone. Hyaluronidase can also be added to intralesional steroid preparations. The combination of steroids and topical hyaluronidase shows better long-term results than either agent used alone.
Oral fibroma is a benign condition, and they do not become cancer. Proper diagnosis and treatment are necessary to remove oral fibroma. Also, any sharp edges, ill-fitting dentures, or habits that caused constant trauma to the tissues must be corrected to avoid future injury, which might lead to recurrent oral fibromas.
Smoking cigarettes along with chewing betel-quid, areca nut, and smokeless tobacco products increases or induces the risk of oral submucous fibrosis.
OSMF is a dangerous disease with a high morbidity rate.
The earliest stage of the disease is characterized by chronic inflammation of the submucosal connective tissue. This stage is followed by a diffuse progressive fibrosis and atrophy of the overlying epithelium (Figure 6-28).
Eat a diet low in sodium (salt), added sugars, saturated and trans fat. Try and get most of your calories from lean meats and fish, fruits, whole grains, beans, vegetables and low-fat dairy products.
A large number of studies have displayed the prominent role Vitamin D has in fibrosis disease. Vitamin D affects the progress of clotting/coagulation phase, inflammation phase, and fibroblast migration/proliferation/activation phase of pulmonary fibrosis, in many ways, and then plays its antifibrotic role.
The lung scarring that occurs in pulmonary fibrosis can't be reversed, and no current treatment has proved effective in stopping progression of the disease. Some treatments may improve symptoms temporarily or slow the disease's progression. Others may help improve quality of life.
What is the average survival time once diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis? A diagnosis of PF can be very scary. When you do your research, you may see average survival is between three to five years. This number is an average.
Pulmonary Fibrosis (PF)
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive disease that naturally gets worse over time. This worsening is related to the amount of fibrosis (scarring) in the lungs. As this occurs, a person's breathing becomes more difficult, eventually resulting in shortness of breath, even at rest.
Indeed, fibrosis is a hallmark of cancer. Up to 20% of cancers are linked to chronic inflammation-related fibrosis (either from infectious or autoimmune etiologies) including hepatocellular, gastric, esophageal, head and neck, colon, pancreatic, cervix, and vulvar cancers.
Many pulmonary fibrosis patients also suffer from aching joints and muscles. As the condition progresses, less and less oxygen is able to enter the blood stream. This means that less oxygen can get to the muscles and joints in the body and patients may start to experience aching and general pain.
A fibroma may occur at any oral site but it is seen most often on the buccal mucosa along the plane of occlusion of the maxillary and mandibular teeth.
Fibroma is a benign tumor of oral cavity, with usually the tongue, gingiva, and buccal mucosa being the most common sites. Females are twice more likely to develop fibroma than males. The intraoral fibroma typically is well demarcated; and its size can vary from millimeter to few centimeters.
While fibromas are hardly ever cancerous, they can get bigger when irritated or grow larger over time.