“Pink Pattern” Visualized in Magnifying Endoscopy With Narrow-Band Imaging Is a Novel Feature of Early Differentiated Gastric Cancer: A Bridge Between Endoscopic Images and Histopathological Changes.
The mucosa of the normal esophagus is composed of squamous cells similar to those of the skin or mouth. The normal squamous mucosal surface appears whitish-pink in color, contrasting sharply with the salmon pink to red appearance of the gastric mucosa, which is composed of columnar cells.
Ngamruengphong explains why: “When we perform a screening endoscopy, we don't see a large mass when cancer is present. Instead, we often see very small, very subtle lesions.” Doctors with extensive experience using this screening tool can more easily spot the subtleties of very early stomach cancer.
It is a bluish-black solid with a metallic lustre sublimating into violet-pink gas and colour is due to absorption of visible light by an electronic transition between highest and lowest molecular orbitals.
The current evidence suggests that CEA, Cyfra21-1, p53, SCC-Ag and VEGF-C have a potential diagnostic value for esophageal carcinoma.
See a GP if:
you have problems swallowing. you've lost a noticeable amount of weight. you have heartburn most days that lasts for 3 weeks or more. you have symptoms of oesophageal cancer that get worse.
Result and Interpretation of Iodine Test
The appearance of blue-black color indicates the presence of the starch in the sample, i.e., a positive iodine test (Figure 3).
The Iodine is a bluish-black solid (at room temperature) with a metallic luster sublimating into violet-pink gas. And we know that this colour of iodine is because of the absorption of visible light by an electronic transition between highest and lowest molecular orbitals.
Many different food groups contain a carbohydrate known as starch. Using an iodine solution, you can test for the presence of starch. When starch is present, the iodine changes from brown to blue-black or purple.
If the doctor sees any abnormal areas in the stomach lining during the endoscopy, instruments can be passed down the endoscope to biopsy them. Some stomach cancers can start deep within the stomach wall, which can make them hard to biopsy with standard endoscopy.
Endoscopy. An endoscope is a flexible, narrow tube with a tiny video camera and light on the end that is used to look inside the body. Tests that use endoscopes can help diagnose esophageal cancer or determine the extent of its spread.
First, the esophageal lining must have a certain appearance on an upper endoscopy exam. The normal esophageal lining (squamous mucosa) is light pink or white. If the lining is salmon-pink in color, it is likely Barrett's esophagus.
Hence, Barrett's esophagus is suspected by the appearance of the esophageal lining (salmon pink color compared to normal white color) and is confirmed by the microscopic examination of cells. It is defined in the United States as intestinal metaplasia.
Iodine fixes the crystal violet into the cell call of bacteria by acting as a chemical mordant. G+ bacteria remain purple due to their adherence to the iodine. If iodine has no cell wall to adhere to, the dye will rinse away and the stain color will be pink; these cells would be classified as G- bacteria.
When iodine solution is added to leaves, colour changes from green to blue indicating the presence of starch. But presence of chlorophyll can disguise the result. To avoid this, chlorophyll is removed before the test.
Normal mature squamous epithelium contains glycogen. When in contact with Lugol's iodine it becomes black, whereas precancerous lesions and cancer contain little or no glycogen thus turning yellow after Lugol application. Such a reaction is considered to be “VILI positive”.
If the solution contains starch, the iodine turns into blue/black color. A positive iodine result indicates the presence of starch. The color changes from violet to black. A negative iodine result indicates the absence of starch in a solution.
Iodine Test
A solution of iodine (I2) and potassium iodide (KI) in water has a light orange-brown color. If it is added to a sample that contains starch, such as the bread pictured above, the color changes to a deep blue.
Red flag symptoms include dysphagia, iron deficiency anaemia, other nutritional anaemia, abnormal weight loss, anorexia, early satiety, personal or family history of cancer of the digestive system, and development of peptic ulcer disease in the previous 12 months.
The most common symptoms of esophageal cancer are: Trouble swallowing. Chest pain. Weight loss.
What is stage 1 oesophageal cancer? Stage 1 oesophageal cancer usually means your cancer hasn't spread beyond the thick muscle in the oesophagus wall. It usually means your cancer hasn't spread to nearby lymph nodes. But some people with stage 1 squamous cell cancer can have cancer in 1 or 2 nearby lymph nodes.