Punding is defined as a stereotypic, complex, repetitive, and non-goal-oriented activity. This behavior has been observed in Parkinson's disease and chronic amphetamine users. However, in general, punding behavior is largely under-diagnosed.
Some common examples of punding include examining collections of objects repeatedly, taking objects apart, counting small items, sorting things, or grooming oneself. Studies suggest that women tend to impulsively tidy things, brush their hair, or sort through their handbags.
Punding, a peculiar stereotyped behavior characterized by intense fascination with complex, excessive, non-goal-oriented, repetitive activities, is a quite rare condition complicating Parkinson's disease (PD). It is triggered by dopaminergic therapy and could have a strong impact on patient quality of life.
Punding is a compulsive need to carry out a repetitive motor behavior such as sorting materials that you are no longer using, counting small objects, lining them up and then counting them again, or taking everything out of a drawer, examining it, and then doing it all over again.
Punding, one of these nonmotor problems, is a term used to describe complex, purposeless stereotyped behaviors such as the repetitive handling or sorting of objects. A self-report questionnaire was adapted to assess punding in the context of dysfunctional hobby-related activities.
Punders are normally aware of the inapposite and obtuse nature of the behavior; however, despite the consequent self-injury, they do not stop such behavior. The most common causes of punding are dopaminergic replacement therapy in patients affected by Parkinson's disease (PD) and cocaine and amphetamine use in addicts.
Punding is thought to be related to dopamine use and has been observed in (meth)amphetamine and cocaine users, as well as in some patients with Parkinson disease, gambling addictions, and hypersexuality.
Punding, a possible symptom of dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS), is the repetition of complex motor behaviours such as collecting or arranging objects.
Abstract. Objectives Dopamine-dysregulation syndrome (DDS) is an uncommon complication of the treatment of Parkinson's disease, characterised by addictive behaviour and excessive use of dopamine medication. Patients may develop prominent dyskinesias, cyclothymia, psychosis and significant functional decline.
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) can experience several behavioral symptoms, such as apathy, agitation, hypersexuality, stereotypic movements, pathological gambling, abuse of antiparkinsonian drugs, and REM sleep behavioral disorders.
In humans, a variety of neurological and psychiatric conditions alter the tendency to use facial signals. One of the main symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) is diminished facial expressivity or "masked facies," which refers to the expressionless appearance of individuals with the disorder.
Symptoms of Parkinson's disease
Tremor in hands, arms, legs, jaw, or head. Muscle stiffness, where muscle remains contracted for a long time. Slowness of movement. Impaired balance and coordination, sometimes leading to falls.
Depression, apathy and withdrawal from things a person previously enjoyed are another frequent symptom. Anxiety and depression occur in about 40% to 50% of Parkinson's patients at one time or another over the course of the disease.
To start, Parkinson's disease symptoms and stress can disturb communication and quality time together. A partner with Parkinson's may not feel up to eating out or taking an annual vacation. Body language may become less clear, and slurred speech and facial masking can further confuse conversation.
Without enough dopamine, this balance is disrupted, resulting in tremor (trembling in the hands, arms, legs and jaw); rigidity (stiffness of the limbs); slowness of movement; and impaired balance and coordination – the hallmark symptoms of Parkinson's.
It's linked to some mental illnesses including depression, schizophrenia and psychosis. Having too much dopamine — or too much dopamine concentrated in some parts of the brain and not enough in other parts — is linked to being more competitive, aggressive and having poor impulse control.
Schizophrenia. Some symptoms of schizophrenia can possibly be caused by having too much dopamine in certain areas of your brain — delusions and hallucinations.
Problems with anger, low self-esteem, anxiety, forgetfulness, impulsiveness and lack of organizational skill (symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Social withdrawal, reduced emotions, don't feel pleasure (negative symptoms of schizophrenia). Gastrointestinal symptoms, including chronic constipation.
When looking at individual symptoms in dementia patients, the most prevalent BPSD are apathy, depression, irritability, agitation and anxiety, while the rarest are euphoria, hallucinations, and disinhibition. The most clinically significant symptoms are depression, apathy, and anxiety.
Administration: The examiner reads a list of 5 words at a rate of one per second, giving the following instructions: “This is a memory test. I am going to read a list of words that you will have to remember now and later on. Listen carefully. When I am through, tell me as many words as you can remember.
Calcium channel blocking drugs used to treat high blood pressure, abnormal heart rhythm, angina pectoris, panic attacks, manic depression and migraine may occasionally cause drug-induced parkinsonism. The most well-documented are cinnarizine (Stugeron) and flunarizine (Sibelium).
Many stimulant users experience strong aphrodisiac effects from cocaine and methamphetamine use. The combination of increased sex drive and reduced inhibitions often results in compulsive, hypersexual behaviors.
Research has shown that the drugs most commonly abused by humans (including opiates, alcohol, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine) create a neurochemical reaction that significantly increases the amount of dopamine that is released by neurons in the brain's reward center.