Spatial data is any type of data that directly or indirectly references a specific geographical area or location. Sometimes called geospatial data or geographic information, spatial data can also numerically represent a physical object in a geographic coordinate system.
Spatial data comprise the relative geographic information about the earth and its features. A pair of latitude and longitude coordinates defines a specific location on earth. Spatial data are of two types according to the storing technique, namely, raster data and vector data.
A common example of spatial data can be seen in a road map. A road map is a two-dimensional object that contains points, lines, and polygons that can represent cities, roads, and political boundaries such as states or provinces.
Spatial data is also known as geospatial data, spatial information or geographic information.
Geospatial data, or spatial data (as it's sometimes known), is information that has a geographic aspect to it. In other words, the records in this type of information set have coordinates, an address, city, postal code, or zip code included with them. The most obvious example is a road map.
Spatial concepts provide a language for describing the arrangement of people, places, and environments. Arrangements can be characterized in terms of proximity, distance, scale, clustering, distribution, etc.
Spatial has broader meaning, encompassing the term geographic. Geographic data can be defined as a class of spatial data in which the frame is the surface and/or near-surface of the Earth. 'Geographic' is the right word for graphic presentation (e.g., maps) of features and phenomena on or near the Earth's surface.
Spatial classification assigns an object to a class from a given set of classes based on the attribute values of the object. It mainly considers the distance, direction, or connectivity relationships among spatial objects.
Not surprisingly, spatial is from the Latin word spatium for "space." Definitions of spatial. adjective. pertaining to or involving or having the nature of space. “the first dimension to concentrate on is the spatial one”
Spatial Data
Also known as geospatial data, this data identifies the geographic location of features and boundaries of the Earth. Spatial data is accessed, manipulated, analyzed and/or mapped using Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
Spatial data provide information that can be used to recommend alternative formulations to mitigate or prevent environmental risks.
Spatial analysis allows you to solve complex location-oriented problems and better understand where and what is occurring in your world. It goes beyond mere mapping to let you study the characteristics of places and the relationships between them.
You can use geospatial data analysis to identify patterns, assess emerging trends, identify potential threats and risks, and make data-driven decisions. Geospatial analysis is critical in military planning, emergency response, and environmental management.
Primarily Spatial Data is classified as Vector Data and Raster Data. Vector Data consists of Coordinates information, while Raster Data is all about layers of imageries extracted from camera sensors. Spatial data that belongs to geographical and geological information is known as geospatial data.
The three basic types of features are points, lines, and polygons (or areas). Points – Points are used to represent spatial characteristics of objects whose locations correspond to single 2-D coordinates (x, y, or longitude/latitude) in the scale of particular application.
Important characteristics of spatial data are its measurement level, map scale and associated topological information. Nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio are the four levels of measurement for populating the spatial data matrix; they hold different amounts of information and determine what analysis can be performed.
1. : relating to, occupying, or having the character of space. 2. : of, relating to, or involved in the perception of relationships (as of objects) in space.
Typically, spatial analysis consists of five key stages: understanding your goal, preparing data, choosing suitable tools and techniques, performing the research, and estimating results. So, first of all, it is important to figure out what you are interested to know.
Spatial data provides the location information of the features whereas non-spatial data describes characteristics of the features. Non-spatial data is also known as attribute data. A combination of both data is known as geospatial data.
Spatial data is any data with a direct or indirect reference to a specific location or geographical area. Spatial data is often referred to as geospatial data or geographic information.
GIS technology is a crucial part of spatial data infrastructure, which the White House defines as “the technology, policies, standards, human resources, and related activities necessary to acquire, process, distribute, use, maintain, and preserve spatial data.” GIS can use any information that includes location.
Vector data represents geographic data symbolized as points, lines, or polygons. Raster data represents geographic data as a matrix of cells that each contains an attribute value. While the area of different polygon shapes in a data set can differ, each cell in a raster data set is the same cell.
There are two different types of GIS data, vector data and raster data. Each type of data has its own format.