author (the person or organisation responsible for the site) year (date created or last updated) page title (in italics) name of sponsor of site (if available)
The reference a web page or document available online includes the author(s)' last name(s) and initials, the year of publication (in parenthesis), the title of the work, and the URL of web page. When there is no year of publication on the web page, "n.d." is used to indicate no date was provided.
Reference structure and example: Author Surname, Initials. (Publication Year) 'Article title', Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Page(s). Available at: URL or DOI (Accessed: date).
Cite web pages in text as you would any other source, using the author and date if known. Keep in mind that the author may be an organization rather than a person. For sources with no author, use the title in place of an author. For sources with no date use n.d. (for no date) in place of the year: (Smith, n.d.).
Name of Company that created the application or Creator's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given (Year current version of the application was released). Name of application (Version version number if given) [Mobile application software]. Publisher Name or App Store.
When you have a website in APA 7 with no author, you use the title, date, publisher, and URL. There is no period after the URL in the citation. Additionally, a website title is in italics.
APA (American Psychological Association) is used by Education, Psychology, and Sciences. MLA (Modern Language Association) style is used by the Humanities. Chicago/Turabian style is generally used by Business, History, and the Fine Arts.
If you want to know how to cite a PDF with no author in APA format, follow this formula: Title of document. (Year of publication). Website name or publisher.
When the webpage you are citing does not indicate a date, use "n.d." instead of the year in both the in-text citations and reference entries.
If you mention a website in general, do not create a reference list entry or an in-text citation. Instead, include the name of the website in the text and provide the URL in parentheses.
To reference a website in Harvard style, include the name of the author or organization, the year of publication, the title of the page, the URL, and the date on which you accessed the website. Author surname, initial. (Year) Page Title. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
You can still create a reference by using the page title in place of the author and 'no date' for the year. You should be able to work out the publisher by checking links to the homepage, and you could use that as the author in your reference.
APA Style is the most popular citation style, widely used in the social and behavioral sciences. MLA style is the second most popular, used mainly in the humanities. Chicago notes and bibliography style is also popular in the humanities, especially history.
Reference entries should be listed alphabetically, double spaced, and each entry will be indented after the first line . 5 inch from the left margin. Generally, each reference list entry should include four essential elements: author, date, title, and source.
When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, like, for example, (Jones, 1998). One complete reference for each source should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.
Website with no author and no date
If there is no author, the article title comes first. If there is no date, use the abbreviation n.d. It is no longer necessary to include the date of retrieval.
Template: Author, A. A. (Date). Title of document. Publisher.
List the author, date, and title, followed by the type of document (e.g. “Master's thesis”) and university in square brackets, the name of the website, and finally the URL.
There are four widely-used referencing styles or conventions. They are called the MLA (Modern Languages Association) system, the APA (American Psychological Association) system, the Harvard system, and the MHRA (Modern Humanities Research Association) system.
No Author. If no author or creator is provided, start the citation with the title/name of the item you are citing instead. Follow the title/name of the item with the date of publication, and the continue with other citation details.