The most effective control measure involves eliminating the hazard and its associated risk. The best way to eliminate a hazard is to not introduce the hazard in the first place. For example, you can eliminate the risk of a fall from height by doing the work at ground level.
Elimination. Elimination removes the hazard at the source. This could include changing the work process to stop using a toxic chemical, heavy object, or sharp tool. It is the preferred solution to protect workers because no exposure can occur.
The hierarchy of controls is a method of identifying and ranking safeguards to protect workers from hazards. They are arranged from the most to least effective and include elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls and personal protective equipment.
Personal protective equipment
PPE is the least effective means of controlling hazards because of the high potential for damage to render PPE ineffective.
Internal controls fall into three broad categories: detective, preventative, and corrective.
The five steps in the hierarchy of controls, from most effective to least effective, are elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls and personal protective equipment.
Hazard substitution is a hazard control strategy in which a material or process is replaced with another that is less hazardous. Substitution is the second most effective of the five members of the hierarchy of hazard controls in protecting workers, after elimination.
To effectively control and prevent hazards, employers should: Involve workers, who often have the best understanding of the conditions that create hazards and insights into how they can be controlled. Identify and evaluate options for controlling hazards, using a "hierarchy of controls."
The most effective control measure involves eliminating the hazard and associated risk. The best way to do this is to remove or eliminate the hazard from the workplace or process altogether, so the hazard is no longer present; this could also include changing processes.
Elimination of the hazard is the most effective control measure, and it's easy to see why. If you remove a hazard, its risk of harm drops to zero. For example, if you move high equipment to the ground before working on it, you eliminate the risk of a fall. The second most effective control is substitution.
An effective control system is when the activities of the organization are managed properly in accordance with the planned goals and objectives. Or a good control system should ensure the achievement of every objective of the organization.
Substitution of Hazardous Chemicals
While Elimination and Substitution are the most effective methods of controlling a hazard, it may not be possible to use either control method.
Using this approach, facilities must use the highest feasible level of control. The hierarchy starts with elimination—the most effective—and moves down to the least effective safety measure, PPE (see Figure 1).
make the load smaller or lighter and easier to grasp. break up large consignments into smaller loads. modify the workplace to reduce carrying distances, twisting movements, or the need to lift things from floor level or above shoulder height. change the work routine to avoid excessive work rates and tight deadlines.
Elimination or substitution
Eliminating the hazard completely is always the first choice. Substitution involves replacing the material or process with a less hazardous one.
PPE is not the most effective safety measure because it places only a barrier between the worker and the hazard. The hazard still exists; so if the right PPE is not worn properly or when it is needed, or the PPE fails (for example, gloves leak), the worker is not protected.
Control techniques in management are of two types — traditional and modern. Traditional techniques include break-even analysis, budgeting, personal observation, etc. On the other hand, ROI and management audits are examples of modern techniques.
Overview. There are two basic categories of internal controls – preventive and detective.
Recognizing that organizational controls can be categorized in many ways, it is helpful at this point to distinguish between two sets of controls: (1) strategic controls and (2) management controls, sometimes called operating controls (Harrison & St. John, 2002).
Control Systems: Industrial Applications
The most common control type used today in industry is a PID controller (proportional, integral, derivative), which allows the operator to apply different control techniques that can be used to achieve different settings in an experiment or process.
Objective. Control should be objective, definite, and determinable in a clear and positive way. The standards of measurement should be quantified as far as possible. If they are not quantifiable such as training effectiveness etc., they must be determinable and verifiable.
Modern Techniques of Managerial Control
Return on investment. Ratio analysis. Responsibility accounting. Management audit.