✹ Shaken baby syndrome.
Alternative terms include: shaken baby; shaken baby syndrome; child abuse; and non-accidental trauma (NAT).
Shaken baby syndrome usually occurs when a parent or caregiver severely shakes a baby or toddler due to frustration or anger — often because the child won't stop crying. Shaken baby syndrome isn't usually caused by bouncing a child on your knee or minor falls.
Intimate partner violence — previously known as battered woman syndrome, or battered person syndrome — is a psychological condition that can develop when a person experiences abuse, usually at the hands of an intimate partner. People who find themselves in an abusive relationship often do not feel safe or happy.
Henry Kempe (Kempe et al. 1962), refers to the collection of injuries children sustain as a result of repeated mistreatment or beatings.
The battered child syndrome was initially described by Kempe and colleagues in 1962 and elaborated further by Kempe and Helfer in 1972 as the clinical picture of physical trauma in which the explanation of injury was not consistent with the severity and type of injury observed.
The battered-child syndrome may occur at any age, but, in general, the affected children are younger than 3 years. In some instances the clinical manifestations are limited to those resulting from a single episode of trauma, but more often the child's general health is below.
Changes in behavior — such as aggression, anger, hostility or hyperactivity — or changes in school performance. Depression, anxiety or unusual fears, or a sudden loss of self-confidence. Sleep problems and nightmares. An apparent lack of supervision.
Ensure the child's safety by separating the abuser and the child, and by providing supervision if the child is in the presence of the abuser. Help the child get medical attention if needed. Consider additional support. You might help the child seek counseling or other mental health treatment.
increased fear, guilt and self-blame. distrust of adults or difficulty forming relationships with others. disrupted attachments with those who are meant to keep them safe. mental health disorders such as anxiety, attachment, post-traumatic stress and depression disorders.
Physical consequences range from minor injuries to severe brain damage and even death. Psychological consequences range from chronic low self-esteem to severe dissociative states. The cognitive effects of abuse range from attentional problems and learning disorders to severe organic brain syndromes.
noun. the physical abuse of a child by a parent or guardian, as by beating.
In legal cases. In 1977 in the US, Francine Hughes' trial for the murder of her husband was one of the first cases involving what was later called battered-woman syndrome as a defense.
BWS has been identified as a subcategory of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although not all battered women meet all the DSM-IV-TR criteria for PTSD, 9 a sufficient number do; thus, a form of trauma treatment is most helpful.
Battered Woman Syndrome and Self-Defense
Intimate partner violence is now recognized by family and criminal law in many states. It is also considered in defense cases of IPV victims who kill or injure their abusive partners.
Emotional or psychological child abuse is a pattern of behavior that impairs a child's emotional development or sense of self-worth. This may include constant criticism, threats, or rejection, as well as withholding love, support, or guidance.
Criminal law statutes will commonly merge the two terms of "assault" and "battery" into the one crime of "assault.” Battery is an unlawful application of force directly or indirectly upon another person or their personal belongings, causing bodily injury or offensive contact.
noun. bat·ter·ing ˈba-tə-riŋ Synonyms of battering. : violent physical abuse that usually involves the act of striking someone repeatedly or heavily in order to cause injury.
Battering is best understood as a continuous traumatic experience and, like many other forms of trauma, it takes a considerable psychological toll on its victims. Battered women are at risk for chronic physical and psychological health problems including PTSD, depression, chronic pain, and substance abuse.
Problems now concretely linked to child abuse and neglect include behavioral and achievement problems in school; heart, lung and liver disease; obesity and diabetes; depression, anxiety disorders, and increased suicide attempts; increased criminal behaviors, illicit drug use and alcohol abuse; increased risky sexual ...
“Preschool and school age children — and even adults — [who have been] spanked are more likely to develop anxiety and depression disorders or have more difficulties engaging positively in schools and skills of regulation, which we know are necessary to be successful in educational settings."
"The American Academy of Pediatrics strongly opposes striking a child for any reason. If a spanking is spontaneous, parents should later explain calmly why they did it, the specific behavior that provoked it, and how angry they felt. They also might apologize to their child for their loss of control.
In terms of how it affects child development, physical punishment has been linked with behavioural, social and mental health problems throughout childhood and adolescence. Children are more likely to have emotional and mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression.
The ACP feels that “appropriate spanking” should be an option for parents. “Appropriate spanking” includes: two open-handed swats to the buttocks in a child of about 2-7 years who defiantly refuses to cooperate with milder disciplinary measures, such as time out.