Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the single largest cause of death from injury in the United States: 1,000,000 people with TBI per year in US: 230,00 hospitalized. 50,000 die (one third of all trauma deaths)
The top three leading causes of preventable injury-related death – poisoning, motor vehicle, and falls – account for over 86% of all preventable deaths. No other preventable cause of death—including suffocation, drowning, fires and burns, and natural or environmental disasters—accounts for more than 5% of the total.
The first peak in the classic trimodal model of trauma mortality is immediate death occurring within minutes of the injury. These patients are declared dead on the scene or die shortly after arrival to the hospital.
20% of people who have died from traumatic injuries could have survived with quick bleeding control. national campaign to address the most common cause of preventable trauma death in the nation: uncontrolled bleeding.
Gunst et al. showed that half of the trauma deaths occur within 30 days, while the remaining 50% occur over a period of 1 year; 61% are immediate (on scene), 29% early (in hospital, 4 h) and 10% late deaths (>4 h).
Abstract. Objective: The classical trimodal distribution of trauma deaths describes three peaks of deaths following trauma: immediate, early and late deaths.
The term "golden hour" is commonly used to characterize the urgent need for the care of trauma patients. This term implies that morbidity and mortality are affected if care is not instituted within the first hour after injury. This concept justifies much of our current trauma system.
in their study also found the mean age of major trauma patients had increased from 36.1 years in 1990 to 53.8 years in 2013 [21]. It is predicted that nearly 40% of all injured patients are expected to exceed age 65 years by 2050 [22].
SIDS is the leading cause of death among babies between 1 month and 1 year of age.
Traumatic Brain Injuries
One of the most catastrophic types of injuries that can occur is a traumatic brain injury. These often result in long-term damages and can leave the injured party with significant side effects they must endure over the course of their life.
ATLS continues to support the use of a 3-for-1 rule (3 mL of crystalloid should be used as replacement for every 1 mL of blood loss), but also encourages frequent reassessments if large amounts of crystalloid are not providing adequate resuscitation. ATLS also dictates treatment based on the class of hypovolemic shock.
In time, the heart stops and they stop breathing. Within a few minutes, their brain stops functioning entirely and their skin starts to cool. At this point, they have died.
A traumatic death is: • sudden, unexpected, and/or violent. caused by the actions of another person, an accident, suicide, natural disaster, or other catastrophe. The following describes grief reactions common to all types of losses, and reactions specific to traumatic death survivors. the event may occur for months.
Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death.
Worldwide, tobacco use causes more than 7 million deaths per year.
Cardiovascular disease is the top cause of death globally. In the map we see death rates from cardiovascular diseases across the world.
Sudden nocturnal death, while relatively uncommon, can occur as a result of a variety of factors, including stroke, seizure, sedative overdose, and, most frequently, sudden cardiac arrest, physicians say.
A different common cause of death for each age group
Accidents are the leading cause of death for people aged 25-44, followed by suicide and cancer. For those 65 and older, the top causes of death are roughly the same as the top causes of death for the overall population (heart disease and cancer).
When trauma impairs your ability to develop full emotional maturity, this is known as arrested psychological development. Trauma can “freeze” your emotional response at the age you experienced it. When you feel or act emotionally younger than your actual age, this is known as age regression.
Signs of life were considered present with any of the following: pupillary response, spontaneous ventilation, presence of carotid pulse, measureable or palpable blood pressure, extremity movement, or cardiac electrical activity.
For those who are exposed to high levels of childhood trauma, life expectancy is 20 years shorter. They are also three times more likely to develop heart disease and lung cancer.
The golden hour is the period of time immediately after a traumatic injury during which there is the highest likelihood that prompt medical and surgical treatment will prevent death.
These findings support the idea of a posttraumatic therapeutic window of 24 hours (the Silver Day), which if used efficaciously may dramatically influence the outcome of severely injured trauma patients.