When Salmonella bacteria are ingested, they pass through a person's stomach and colonize the small and large intestine. There, the bacteria invade the intestinal mucosa and proliferate. The bacteria can invade the lymphoid tissues of the gastrointestinal tract and spread to the bloodstream.
Overview. Salmonella infection (salmonellosis) is a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. Salmonella bacteria typically live in animal and human intestines and are shed through stool (feces). Humans become infected most frequently through contaminated water or food.
Salmonella are gram-negative bacteria and common causes of gastrointestinal illness. Infection typically manifests as severe stomach cramps, fever, and diarrhea that can last several days, though other disease presentations, such as sepsis, can also occur.
Salmonella causes fever, diarrhea, gastroenteritis, and sepsis in humans, as well as intestinal damage in both humans and animals. In addition, Salmonella infections are reported to increase the risk of immune-related diseases such as arthritis [2,3] and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [4].
During the course of this disease, severe complications can occur, including acute kidney injury (AKI), hypovolemic shock, and arrhythmias [3].
Abstract. Salmonella typhi infection can be associated with serious complications, ranging from self-limited to fulminant organ damage. In particular, liver and pancreatic damage may complicate the course of infection resulting in devastating outcomes.
Salmonella illness can be serious.
Symptoms usually start 6 hours to 6 days after infection. They include diarrhea that can be bloody, fever, and stomach cramps. Most people recover within 4 to 7 days without antibiotic treatment. But some people with severe diarrhea may need to be hospitalized or take antibiotics.
Most salmonella infections get better on their own with home remedies. That includes getting rest and drinking lots of fluids since vomiting and diarrhea can lead to dehydration. You may want to use over-the-counter pain medication for discomfort and fever.
Salmonella is primarily known to affect the gastrointestinal tract but can rarely cause infections at uncommon sites, such as the urinary tract. It is known that Salmonella can infect the urinary tract directly by blood, fecal contamination of urethra, urolithiasis, or secondary intraluminal ascending infection.
Salmonella strains sometimes cause infection in urine, blood, bones, joints, or the nervous system (spinal fluid and brain), and can cause severe disease.
Most people with a Salmonella infection experience: Diarrhea (that can be bloody) Fever. Stomach cramps.
Background: Renal impairment has been described during severe Salmonella infection and is mainly due to shock, dehydration, or rhabdomyolysis.
Humans are the only reservoirs for the bacteria. Infection usually manifests as fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. However, complications such as intestinal perforation, hepatosplenomegaly, and renal injury can occasionally occur.
The illness usually lasts four to seven days, but can last as long as two weeks. In rare cases, Salmonella bacteria may enter the bloodstream and cause infections in other parts of the body.
Salmonella usually goes away on its own in a few days. You should drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. You can reduce your risk of salmonella with safe food handling habits and by washing your hands after touching animals.
Most people recover from the bacteria without requiring additional Salmonella treatment. Patients should consume extra fluids until their diarrhea clears up. Doctors may also prescribe antibiotics to treat more severe cases.
If you have a salmonella infection, your diarrhea typically will have a strong odor. Sometimes you may also have blood in the stool. The illness often lasts for just a few days. Children younger than 3 months may have the infection for a longer period of time.
Highlights. ► Probiotic consumption constitutes an alternative in the prevention and/or treatment of salmonellosis. ► In vitro and in vivo studies showed the effectiveness of probiotic administration against Salmonella infection.
Avoid spicy or acidic foods, caffeinated beverages, and alcohol after food poisoning. Foods that are high in fats, protein, and fiber may also be hard to digest.
You may also feel tired, dizzy, weak, confused, and have a headache. Severe dehydration can require emergency treatment and hospitalization.
If left untreated, the salmonella infection can spread from the intestines to the blood stream, and on to other body sites. The elderly, children under age 5, and those with impaired immune systems are more likely to have severe cases of salmonellosis.
A life-threatening Salmonella infection that has spread to the bloodstream. Salmonella septicemia can be caused by any of the Salmonella bacteria, which are found in contaminated food and water. The infection is systemic and affects virtually every organ system.
The immune system, i.e., innate and adaptive immunity, can overcome many types of bacterial infections. The frontline against infection with bacteria such as Salmonella is innate immunity. Salmonella infection leads to enteric fever or diarrhea, often resulting in death of humans and animals.
What appears to be the case is that a bout of food poisoning triggers an abnormal response in the immune system which causes it to attack its own cells. This autoimmune reaction leads to a range of diseases which include Guillain-Barre syndrome, reactive arthritis and kidney failure.