Some people who have severe depression may also experience hallucinations and delusional thinking, the symptoms of psychosis. Depression with psychosis is known as psychotic depression.
If you experience anxiety, depression or low self-esteem, you may be more likely to experience paranoid thoughts – or be more upset by them. This may be because you are more on edge, worry a lot or are more likely to interpret things in a negative way. Paranoia is a symptom of some mental health problems.
Paranoia may be a symptom of a number of conditions, including paranoid personality disorder, delusional (paranoid) disorder and schizophrenia. The cause of paranoia is unknown but genetics are thought to play a role.
What causes paranoia? People become paranoid when their ability to reason and assign meaning to things breaks down. The reason for this is unknown. It's thought paranoia could be caused by genes, chemicals in the brain or by a stressful or traumatic life event.
Symptoms of Paranoia
Believing you are always right and having trouble relaxing or letting your guard down. Not being able to compromise, forgive, or accept criticism. Not being able to trust or confide in other people. Reading hidden meanings into people's normal behaviors.
Paranoia — a belief that people are following you or conspiring against you — is a symptom of psychosis in bipolar disorder that can be managed medically and with other strategies.
Paranoia is one of the most common delusions in people with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. However, patients with bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), and other forms of mental illness and substance use disorders can also experience paranoia.
Antipsychotics may reduce paranoid thoughts or make you feel less threatened by them. If you have anxiety or depression, your GP may offer you antidepressants or minor tranquillisers. These can help you feel less worried about the thoughts and may stop them getting worse.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective way to treat and manage your paranoia. CBT uses techniques to help you adjust your disordered beliefs about others and develop healthy coping skills. CBT can lower your anxiety and worry.
Paranoia and anxiety are two separate conditions. Both can cause changes in thinking patterns. Doctors no longer use the term paranoia, referring to the illness as delusional disorder. Symptoms of delusional disorder include hallucinations and mood disturbances, such as feelings of extreme sadness or distress.
Paranoia is the most common symptom of psychosis but paranoid concerns occur throughout the general population.
Although psychotic depression itself cannot evolve into schizophrenia, when severe depression is untreated or undertreated, it's possible for the resulting distress and side effects to trigger an underlying psychotic disorder, such as schizoaffective disorder.
Hypervigilance from PTSD can result in being suspicious of people and their motives. This can result in feelings of paranoia around others: 'What are they really thinking about us?
Don't argue about their mistaken beliefs or instantly dismiss them. A person with PPD misinterprets events as threatening and trying to argue rationally with them will only reinforce their belief that you're out to deceive them. Instead, respect their beliefs but focus on the fears behind their claims.
Unfortunately, it's common for older adults to develop persisting fears, worries, and complaints. Experts estimate that as many as 23% of older people have developed psychosis. But you can help manage paranoia in older adults with care and support.
Paranoia and depression do not usually occur together. But if they do happen simultaneously, it can be a sign that a person has a severe mental health condition. Paranoia and depression together can be indicative of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or psychotic depression.
Paranoia as a Symptom of BPD
Stress-related paranoid ideation is one of nine possible diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder. In one comprehensive study of patients receiving mental health services, 87 percent of participants with BPD reported experiencing the symptoms of paranoid ideation.
Bipolar disorder can cause your mood to swing from an extreme high to an extreme low. Manic symptoms can include increased energy, excitement, impulsive behaviour, and agitation. Depressive symptoms can include lack of energy, feeling worthless, low self-esteem and suicidal thoughts.
The fear of never being stable.
Thus this leads to a feeling of being unfit for this world — that you weren't meant for it because you can't cope with life due to something you didn't choose and can't change; that you're stuck having to explain yourself to others and even yourself.