The first humans emerged in Africa around two million years ago, long before the modern humans known as Homo sapiens appeared on the same continent. There's a lot anthropologists still don't know about how different groups of humans interacted and mated with each other over this long stretch of prehistory.
The First Men arrive from Essos to Westeros, a land occupied for centuries by the small human-like creatures named the Children of the Forest. The First Men take over their land and cut down Weirwood trees that are sacred to the Children. The Children and the First Men go to war for several centuries.
The first human ancestors appeared between five million and seven million years ago, probably when some apelike creatures in Africa began to walk habitually on two legs. They were flaking crude stone tools by 2.5 million years ago. Then some of them spread from Africa into Asia and Europe after two million years ago.
The Andals, the first new people of Westeros since the Pact, came from the hills of Andalos in western Essos. They were tall and fair-haired warriors who carried steel weapons and the seven-pointed star of their gods painted on their bodies.
The First Men came from Essos by walking across the Arm of Dorne, the then-existing land bridge into Westeros. (Where now exists the Stepstones and Broken Arm, before it was broken.) This was well before the rise of the Valyrians, about 8-12,000 years ago.
The ironborn, who are considered by most to descend from the First Men, worshiped the Drowned God before the Andals came, and continue to do so. In addition, they also continue to believe in the Drowned God's eternal enemy, the Storm God.
Hailing originally from Old Valyria in Essos, the Targaryens are the only dragonlords to escape the Doom of Valyria, having moved their House to Dragonstone just a few years before the cataclysmic destruction of their homeland.
House Targaryen ruled as the Kings of the Andals, the Rhoynar, and the First Men, the Lords of the Seven Kingdoms, and the Great House of the crownlands for nearly three hundred years.
Before the coming of men: The lands of Westeros are inhabited in the Dawn Age by a mysterious race of diminutive humanoid creatures known as the children of the forest, as well as giants and other magical creatures.
Our species, Homo sapiens, has now spread to all parts of the world but it's generally believed that we originated in Africa by about 200,000 years ago. We interacted with local archaic human populations as we colonised the globe.
The First Humans
One of the earliest known humans is Homo habilis, or “handy man,” who lived about 2.4 million to 1.4 million years ago in Eastern and Southern Africa.
Cro-Magnon are considered the first anatomically modern humans in Europe. They entered Eurasia by the Zagros Mountains (near present-day Iran and eastern Turkey) around 50,000 years ago, with one group rapidly settling coastal areas around the Indian Ocean and another migrating north to the steppes of Central Asia.
Hominins first appear by around 6 million years ago, in the Miocene epoch, which ended about 5.3 million years ago.
The Old Tongue – This was spoken by the First Men, who came before the Andals, but today the language is hardly known by anyone outside of giants and a few wildlings.
Throughout the lore, we are told repeatedly that the First Men of the North were able to repel the Andals by smashing their armies countless times at the Neck and Moat Cailin.
The Starks are one of the oldest bloodlines in Westeros history, going back more than 8000 years.
Then, after Aegon's Conquest, Westeros was divided up into nine provinces that were each part of a greater realm: The North, the Vale of Arryn, the Iron Islands, the Riverlands, the Westerlands, the Stormlands, the Reach, the Crownlands and Dorne. Despite this, it became the style to refer to it as the Seven Kingdoms.
The heir to titles and Iron Throne is currently Prince Viserys Targaryen following the election of his half-brother to the Iron Throne at the Great Council of 439 AC.
When Aegon was anointed by the High Septon at Oldtown's Starry Sept after the Conquest, he was named "Aegon of House Targaryen, the First of His Name, King of the Andals, the Rhoynar, and the First Men, Lord of the Seven Kingdoms, and Protector of the Realm".
Undoubtedly, the most dangerous man in Westeros at this point is the man who holds this title canonically and that is none other than Daemon Targaryen. Daemon is the brother of King Viserys Targaryen. At the beginning of the series, Daemon intended to be King, however, he was eventually cast aside for Rhaenyra.
The survivors, led by the Targaryens, left their old home to conquer Westeros. While the general consensus within the world of Game of Thrones is that only those with Valyrian or Targaryen blood in their veins can tame a dragon, the validity of that assertion is ambiguous.
After the conclusion of the Great War and the Battle of King's Landing and following the assassination of Queen Daenerys Targaryen. With Valerie Targaryen who is still adjusting to finding out she is the twin sister to Jon Snow as well as the secret daughter of Rhaegar Targaryen and Lyanna Stark.
Upon the conclusion of his conquest, Aegon was crowned by the High Septon as the first King of the Andals, the Rhoynar, and the First Men, establishing the ruling Targaryen dynasty of the Seven Kingdoms for the next three centuries.
They're famed for their ability to tame dragons; hence, “house of the dragon.” That rare talent helped the Targaryens establish an immense dynasty over the realm; but as always when we're dealing with Game of Thrones, even empires can topple, and the iron throne is never a safe place to sit.