Benzodiazepine intake during early pregnancy may be teratogenic, and their intake during late pregnancy may be associated with neonatal withdrawal syndrome and 'floppy infant' syndrome.
The use of clonazepam during pregnancy can cause temporary symptoms in newborns soon after birth. These symptoms are sometimes referred to as withdrawal. Some babies exposed to clonazepam at the end of pregnancy may have trouble breathing, poor circulation, and low muscle tone (floppy baby syndrome).
A variety of neuromuscular disorders and central nervous system (CNS) disorders cause floppy infant syndrome (FIS). CNS disorders are the much more common causes of the syndrome than neuromuscular disorders. On long-term follow up, cerebral palsy and mental retardation turn out to be the 2 most common causes of FIS.
Infant botulism (IB), also called "floppy baby" syndrome, is a neuroparalytic illness caused by a toxin of Clostridium botulinum. Clostridium botulinum is a gram-positive rod-shaped anaerobic bacterium that produces flaccid muscular paralysis by means of several toxins.
Fetal hydantoin syndrome is a characteristic pattern of mental and physical birth defects that results from maternal use of the anti-seizure (anticonvulsant) drug phenytoin (Dilantin) during pregnancy. The range and severity of associated abnormalities will vary greatly from one infant to another.
It is an idiosyncratic drug reaction usually associated with drugs like anti-epileptics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds and antibiotics. The syndrome is characterized by purpuric macules and bullous eruptions involving the mucous membrane which may be followed by systemic manifestations.
The fetal hydantoin (phenytoin) syndrome comprises growth retardation, characteristic facies including midfacial hypoplasia and increased risk of cleft lip (CL), limb anomalies specifically hypoplasia of the distal phalanges, small nails, and an increased risk of heart defects.
Hypotonia is poor muscle tone. People diagnosed with hypotonia don't show resistance when joints in their body move. Another term for hypotonia is “floppy infant syndrome.” Muscle tone is the amount of resistance (tension) to the movement your muscles have at rest.
Decreased muscle tone; Floppy infant. Hypotonia means decreased muscle tone. Hypotonia is often a sign of abnormality in the case of a newborn or older infant, and may suggest the presence of central nervous system dysfunction, genetic disorders, or muscle disorders.
Aside from lithium teratogenicity, neonatal toxicity events may occur in offspring exposed to lithium during labor, including the so-called floppy baby syndrome (characterized by cyanosis and hypotonicity), neonatal hypothyroidism, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (9).
Babies with type 1 have floppy limbs and flickering tongues. Because of the high risk of serious impairment of their breathing, most die before reaching one year old.
Thalidomide was a widely used drug in the late 1950s and early 1960s for the treatment of nausea in pregnant women. It became apparent in the 1960s that thalidomide treatment resulted in severe birth defects in thousands of children.
Gray baby syndrome is an adverse reaction to chloramphenicol that is characterized by abdominal distention, hemodynamic collapse, and ashen-gray skin discoloration in neonates.
The uroselective alpha-blocker tamsulosin is the most commonly used drug among all. Studies showed that the majority of the patients who develop intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) were on tamsulosin.
In the classic infantile form, onset of symptoms is at the median age of 1.6 months with the majority of patients dying at the median age of 6 to 7.7 months. Generally, 5 to 8 percent survive beyond one year and even fewer past 18 months [6].
The main difference between hypotonic and hypertonic cerebral palsy is the difference in muscle tone. Hypotonic cerebral palsy is characterized by floppy muscles, whereas hypertonic cerebral palsy is characterized by stiff, rigid muscles causing spastic movement.
Honey is the one identified and avoidable food reservoir of C. botulinum, the bacterial spore that causes infant botulism. While most cases of infant botulism today are not caused by exposure to honey prior to illness, it is the only avoidable source of exposure to the bacteria.
The neurotoxic effects are concentration dependent and can range from mild nystagmus to ataxia, slurred speech, vomiting, lethargy and eventually coma and death. Paradoxically, at very high concentrations, phenytoin can lead to seizures.
Taking phenytoin may increase the risk that you will develop osteopenia, osteoporosis, or osteomalacia and problems with your lymph nodes including Hodgkin's disease (cancer that begins in the lymph system). Talk to your doctor about the risks of using this medication to treat your condition.
US FDA pregnancy category D: There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.
The drugs that most commonly cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis are: Anticonvulsants: lamotrigine, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbitone. Allopurinol, especially in doses of more than 100 mg per day. Sulfonamides: cotrimoxazole, sulfasalazine.
It may take several weeks or months for you to fully recover from Stevens-Johnson syndrome. It's likely you'll feel very tired for a few weeks after leaving hospital. Your skin will usually take about 2 or 3 weeks to heal, but it can sometimes take longer if you get a skin infection.
What causes Stevens-Johnson syndrome? The most common triggers for Stevens-Johnson syndrome in children are infections, usually viral. Common infectious triggers include herpes, mumps, flu and the Epstein Barr virus. In adults, reactions to medicines, such as pain killers and antibiotics, are more common.
The thalidomide scandal
In the few short years that thalidomide was available, it's estimated that over 10,000 babies were affected by the drug worldwide. Around half died within months of being born. The thalidomide babies who survived and their families live with the effects of the drug.
Infants born to cocaine-using mothers are more likely to have low birth weight and may have an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The effects of cocaine on the baby may include, but are not limited to: Growth defects. Hyperactivity.