Major viral pandemics in the last 2 decades mostly involved respiratory viruses like corona, causing 3 major pandemics earlier: severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS CoV-1), Middle eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) and ongoing SARS CoV-2 (COVID -19), followed by influenza viruses causing Influenza A H1N1 pdm 2009 ( ...
The 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) shocked the world as it spread swiftly from continent to continent, resulting in >8,000 infections, with approximately 10% mortality, and a devastating effect on local and regional economies.
Cholera, bubonic plague, smallpox, and influenza are some of the most brutal killers in human history. And outbreaks of these diseases across international borders, are properly defined as pandemic, especially smallpox, which throughout history, has killed between 300-500 million people in its 12,000 year existence.
Three worldwide (pandemic) outbreaks of influenza occurred in the 20th century: in 1918, 1957, and 1968. The latter 2 were in the era of modern virology and most thoroughly characterized.
These include the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (1981), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (2002), Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A/H1N1) (2009), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (2012), Ebola virus (2013) and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS- ...
The early 21st century has witnessed pandemics like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2, and novel influenzas (avian and swine), originating from specific geographical regions and transmitting across the globe causing heavy ...
Today, the COVID-19 pandemic is frequently compared with the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919. The destruction caused by that pandemic a century ago may sound familiar.
6) Increases in human population. There have been 249 Pandemics throughout recorded history from 1,200 BC, up to the Covid- 19 virus today.
Outbreaks of cholera occurred in South Africa, Tanzania, Chad, Afghanistan, India, West Africa, and Nigeria; yellow fever in Brazil, Cote d Ivoire, Peru, Liberia, Guinea, and imported cases in Belgium; measles in the Republic of Korea; acute neurological syndrome in Bangladesh; meningococcal disease in the African ...
The number of people affected was exponentially growing and the World Health Organization (WHO) upgraded COVID-19 to a pandemic in March 2020. Pandemics are known to cause large-scale social disruption, economic loss, and general hardship, and COVID-19 has been no exception.
Currently, the dominant variant nationwide is XBB.1.16, with 14.8% of cases, followed by XBB.1.9.1, with 13.2% of cases, and XBB.2.3 with 13% of cases. "The original omicron variant is gone now," says Dr. Rupp. "Currently subvariants of omicron are circulating, including XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16 and XBB.1.9.1."
1918 Pandemic (H1N1 virus)
Abstract. The novel human coronavirus disease COVID-19 has become the fifth documented pandemic since the 1918 flu pandemic. COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, China, and subsequently spread worldwide.
An epidemic is a disease outbreak that is rapidly spreading in a limited region. A pandemic is an epidemic that is actively spreading to multiple regions across the globe. Epidemiologists are experts in disease progression.
We describe outbreaks by the number of cases and geographical area affected as: endemic – an outbreak confined to a particular geographic area. epidemic – a more widespread outbreak that may affect the entire nation. pandemic – an epidemic that is affecting the entire world, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
The number of deaths was estimated to be at least 50 million worldwide with about 675,000 occurring in the United States.
The average recovery time for those who have mild or normal cases of COVID-19 or flu is between one and two weeks. If you have COVID-19, the CDC recommends isolation from others. Also, make sure you are fever-free for 24 hours without the use of fever-reducing medication.
Black Death: 75-200M (1334-1353)
The second pandemic of the bubonic plague likely sprang up in north-eastern China, killing maybe five million, fast. It moved west, through India, Syria and Mesopotamia. In 1346 it struck a trading port called Kaffa in the Black Sea.
The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, the first of the 21st century, proved how very quickly a new virus can spread to every corner of the globe. It showed how, with all eyes focused on H5N1 in Asia, something bubbling up on the other side of the world can be the event that actually explodes.
1918 pandemic (H1N1 virus). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Reconstruction of the 1918 influenza pandemic virus. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.