Africans have more genetic variation than anyone else on Earth, according to a new study that helps narrow the location where humans first evolved, probably near the South Africa-Namibia border.
Native Americans had the least genetic diversity of all, indicating that part of the world was settled last. "Previously, we've been able to look at the genome and say, 'This part is from Africa, this is from Asia,'" explained Virginia research Andrew Singleton to Wired News.
Researchers have known since the 1990s that Africans are the most genetically diverse people in the world.
The no. 1 position in the ranking is held by Eric S. Lander from the Office of Science and Technology Policy, US who has an h-index of 332. In the 2022 edition of our ranking, Harvard University is the leader, with 53 scientists affiliated with that institution included in the ranking.
Africa is known to be where humans originated. From Africa, they migrated to other parts of the world. This makes it the most genetically diverse region in the world. Diversity among other populations represents a subset of the diversity within Africa.
Only one pair, chromosome 23 determines the gender. Genetically, a person actually carries more of his/her mother's genes than his/her father's. The reason is little organelles that live within cells, the? mitochondria, which are only received from a mother.
Black is dominant, which means black individuals must have at least one B allele. Their genotype could be either BB or Bb. In this pedigree, black individuals are not filled in.
Good gene indicators are hypothesized to include masculinity, physical attractiveness, muscularity, symmetry, intelligence, and “confrontativeness” (Gangestad, Garver-Apgar, and Simpson, 2007).
In the 19th century, it was commonly believed that an organism's traits were passed on to offspring in a blend of characteristics 'donated' by each parent.
Ever since researchers sequenced the chimp genome in 2005, they have known that humans share about 99% of our DNA with chimpanzees, making them our closest living relatives.
Because modern humans originated in Africa and have adapted to diverse environments, African populations have high levels of genetic and phenotypic diversity.
Africa is an important region to study human genetic diversity because of its complex population history and the dramatic variation in climate, diet, and exposure to infectious disease, which result in high levels of genetic and phenotypic variation in African populations.
The world's largest ethnic group is Han Chinese, with Mandarin being the world's most spoken language in terms of native speakers.
With a population that hovers around 2,000, the Toto are today considered one of the world's smallest ethnic groups, and, like their fellow Indigenous peoples from the Amazon to Australia, are experiencing the consequences of extractive industries.
In 2021, 19.5 percent of Black people living in the United States were living below the poverty line. This is compared to 8.2 percent of White people, and 8.1 percent of Asian people.
The oldest known functioning gene is found in the enzyme glutamine synthetase, which has a vital role in cells. The genes in a modern human don't all date back to a single point in our history.
All men inherit a Y chromosome from their father, which means all traits that are only found on the Y chromosome come from dad, not mom. The Supporting Evidence: Y-linked traits follow a clear paternal lineage.
'Mitochondrial Eve': Mother of all humans lived 200,000 years ago. Summary: The most robust statistical examination to date of our species' genetic links to "mitochondrial Eve" -- the maternal ancestor of all living humans -- confirms that she lived about 200,000 years ago.
Genes related to attractiveness differ by sex
Several genes were identified across individuals that were measured as "attractive", and, interestingly, these genes differed across the sexes. In women, specific genetic variants associated with beauty were also related to genes impacting body mass.
Unlike nuclear DNA, which comes from both parents, mitochondrial DNA comes only from the mother.
Intelligence is a polygenic trait, which means that there is no single gene that regulates it. Instead, a large number of genes each contribute a little, with different combinations of alleles resulting in a wide range of variation in the population (Other human traits regulated this way include height and skin color.)
Inheritance of Skin Color
Each gene has two forms: dark skin allele (A, B, and C) and light skin allele (a, b, and c). Neither allele is completely dominant to the other, and heterozygotes exhibit an intermediate phenotype (incomplete dominance).
Black hair (B) is dominant over blonde hair (b) ;similarly brown eyes (H) are dominant over eyes(h). Suppose that a man who heterozygous for black hair and brown eyes marries a blond woman with blue eyes.
Black hair is the darkest and most common of all human hair colors globally, due to larger populations with this dominant trait. It is a dominant genetic trait, and it is found in people of all backgrounds and ethnicities. Black hair contains a large amount of eumelanin pigmentation, a type of melanin.
In concluding the study, co-author and psychologist at the University of Padova in Italy Paola Bressan noted that to the best of her knowledge, “no study has either replicated or supported” the findings from the 1995 study that stated babies resemble their fathers.