Thiamine, folate, biotin, riboflavin, and panthothenic acid are water-soluble vitamins that are plentiful in the diet, but that are also synthesized by gut bacteria. Likewise, it has been estimated that up to half of the daily Vitamin K requirement is provided by gut bacteria [33].
A lot of studies indicated the potential relationship between microbiome and the vitamin K antagonist. Vitamin K is absorbed by the gut, and the intestinal bacteria are a major source of vitamin K in human body.
University of California San Diego researchers and collaborators recently demonstrated in older men that the makeup of a person's gut microbiome is linked to their levels of active vitamin D, a hormone important for bone health and immunity.
The gut microbiota produce hundreds of bioactive compounds, including B-vitamins, which play significant physiological roles in hosts by supporting the fitness of symbiotic species and suppressing the growth of competitive species. B-vitamins are also essential to the host and certain gut bacterium.
Bacteria in the Small Intestine
Results were confirmed by an Ochromonas malhamensis assay, which is thought to be specific for active B12. They determined that some active B12 was produced by members of the bacteria genera Klebsiella and Pseudomonas.
Thiamine, folate, biotin, riboflavin, and panthothenic acid are water-soluble vitamins that are plentiful in the diet, but that are also synthesized by gut bacteria.
Conclusions: Vitamin B12 supplementation does not alter the gut microbiota composition under healthy conditions, but does contribute to differential microbial responses and intestinal dysbiosis following the induction of experimental colitis.
Vitamin B's and Iron
Your digestive system craves vitamin B's to help your body create red blood cells and gain energy from food, but it is primarily vitamin B12 that is helpful for boosting your gut health.
In Europe and Northern America lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the most important vitamin K2-producers for our diet as they ferment milk into dairy products such as cheese rich in vitamin K2 (up to 110 μg/100 g) (Manoury et al., 2013; Vermeer et al., 2018).
Some people are prone to developing a dangerous overgrowth of bacteria in their small intestine where most of our dietary nutrients get absorbed. This overgrowth can lead to many problems including vitamin B12 deficiency even when they eat plenty of it.
Recent evidence is suggesting that vitamin D can help reduce inflammation in and heal your gut. This can lead to a healthier microbiota (the world of bacteria in your gut). Importantly, these changes lead to improvement of digestive symptoms as seen in IBS such as bloating, abdominal pain and altered bowels.
Vitamin D supplementation significantly increased gut microbial diversity. Specifically, the Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio increased, along with the abundance of the health-promoting probiotic taxa Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium.
Among these, vitamin D has been shown to alleviate several morbidities, including bacterial infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and S. aureus [8, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]. In addition, vitamin D has been shown to support clearance of P.
It is absorbed in the small intestine and stored in fatty tissue and the liver. Without vitamin K, the body cannot produce prothrombin, a clotting factor that is necessary for blood clotting and bone metabolism.
The gut microbiota produce a variety of nutrients including short-chain fatty acids, B vitamins, and vitamin K.
Indeed, E. coli benefits its host in a number of ways. It produces vitamin K and vitamin B12, both of which are required by mammalian hosts (Bentley and Meganathan, 1982; Lawrence and Roth, 1996).
Natto is a Japanese dish made from fermented soybeans. It's high in many nutrients that promote good gut health and is the richest source of vitamin K2 available. One tablespoon of Natto contains 150 micrograms of vitamin K2, about twice the recommended intake.
Popular fat-free greek yogurts have virtually zero Vitamin K2 while full fat greek yogurts have a fair amount of K2.
Vitamin K1 is primarily found in leafy green vegetables, while K2 is most abundant in fermented foods and some animal products. Vitamin K2 may be absorbed better by the body and some forms may stay in the blood longer than vitamin K1. These two things may cause K1 and K2 to have different effects on your health.
L-glutamine
In the digestive tract, it's best known for helping to repair the intestinal lining. Research from 2015 has shown that glutamine can improve the growth and survival of enterocytes, or intestinal cells. It may also help to regulate the function of the intestinal barrier during stress.
Heart and Gut Health
Magnesium is just as important for your heart muscle and the peristaltic movement that moves food along your gut as it gets digested. If you are low in Mg, your bowels become sluggish, you become constipated and you may even get painful stomach cramps.
A B12 deficiency may also cause diarrhea, nausea, constipation, bloating, gas, and other gastrointestinal symptoms ( 2 , 19 ). These issues can affect both adults and children ( 2 , 20 ).