In Islam, there are several excuses for not fasting Ramadan, including prepubertal children, women during their menstrual period or postnatal bleeding, travelers, pregnant or breastfeeding women who believe fasting for long hours may cause harm to either themselves or their babies,[21] the elderly who cannot tolerate ...
Children who have not reached puberty, the elderly, those who are physically or mentally incapable of fasting, pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers and travelers are exempt. Fasting during Ramadan means abstinence from all food or drink, including water and chewing gum, from dawn to sunset.
According to the Quran, for all other cases, not fasting is only permitted when the act is potentially dangerous to one's health – for example, those who are sick, elderly, or on a journey, and women who are menstruating, pregnant, or nursing are permitted to break the fast, but this must be made up by paying a fidyah, ...
an obligation on the Muslims in the second year after the Prophetic emigration. Prophet Muhammed peace to be upon him fasted Ramadan for nine years after which he died. O believers, Fasting is an obligation upon you as it was ordained upon the [Muslim nations] before you–to help you become pious.
Those who are unable to fast must pay compensation – if they can afford it – to feed a needy person. The one who gives more voluntarily is rewarded, but to fast would be better for you if you knew.
Any child below age 10 is exempted from Ramadan fasting. The Islamic Law exempts expectant women and women who are breastfeeding from fasting. Doctors also strongly advise against fasting for these women as well.
The groups of people who scholars agree are not required to fast during Ramadan are (1) elderly, (2) women that are pregnant, nursing, and/or menstruating, (3) people travelling, (4) those who are stricken with an illness, and (5) those who are forced to break their fast out of coercion.
If you don't fast for any of the days of Ramadan, you'll be required to pay a charitable form of compensation. You must pay fidya (fidyah) for fasts missed out of necessity, that cannot be made up afterwards.
The absolute most important rule is “don't break your fast”.
Beware of foods that are labeled zero calorie, as most will have trace amounts of calories that can break your fast if you eat enough of it. Drink lots of water, and include a fiber source with your meals or use a supplement to help manage hunger cravings.
This hadith demonstrates that Muhammad gave licence to all forms of spousal intimacy during the period of menstruation with the exception of intercourse. Women are required to perform ritual cleansing (ghusl) before resuming religious duties or relations upon completion of their menstruation.
If you're considering fasting, talk with your health care provider first. People with certain health conditions or who are taking certain medications should not try fasting at all (see the Wise Choices box). Even if you fast sometimes, you still need to make healthy food choices overall, Peterson explains.
According to health practitioners, there are certain people who shouldn't consider fasting in any form. These include children, type 1 diabetics and diabetics using insulin, and anyone who is pregnant or thinking about trying to conceive or is breastfeeding.
People with diabetes, cardiac, or renal problems or on medicines for any medical conditions should avoid fasting. Pregnant and lactating women should also avoid fasting.
Abu Huraira related that the Prophet (peace be upom him) said: Many people who fast get nothing from their fast except hunger and thirst, and many people who pray at night get nothing from it except wakefulness (Darimi).
Committing sins during the day in Ramadan, such as swearing or insulting others, does not invalidate the fast as such, but it detracts from the reward for fasting. These sins may take away all of the reward, and the fasting person is left with nothing as a result of his fast apart from hunger and thirst.
The golden rule in fasting is that it is a fast—this means no calories, no nutrients, no food. Even breaking the fast slightly with some food can throw severely limit the benefits you'd otherwise experience. It's important to stay consistent with a feeding and fasting window and stick to that window as best as you can.
- You are allowed to rinse your mouth and nose with limited water, such that you do not swallow it. If you do so, it invalidates your fast. - You can take a shower during your fasting period as you may feel thirsty, dehydrated or heated. However, make sure that you do not swallow the water.
Kissing your partner whilst fasting does not invalidate your fast but it is advised to refrain from kissing your partner with desire during fasting hours as Muslims must abstain from food, drink and sex while fasting. You can only have sex or any intimate contact must be done before or after the hours of fasting.
During the hours of fasting on each day of Ramadan, any intimate activity is not allowed. This means it's only ok for couples to kiss, hug, cuddle and have sex in the hours before fasting begins and after it ends - as long as they are husband and wife.
To atone for the intentionally broken fast, a person must fast continuously for 60 days. However, if they are unable to do that, then they have to feed 60 poor people.
Summary of answer
Vomiting deliberately breaks the fast and you have to make up that day. If you cannot help vomiting and vomit involuntarily, your fast is still valid and you do not have to do anything else.
During Ramadan, Muslims abstain from eating any food, drinking any liquids, smoking cigarettes, and engaging in any sexual activity, from dawn to sunset. That includes taking medication (even if you swallow a pill dry, without drinking any water).
THE ABLE WITH HARDSHIP AND FEAR OF ILLNESS: One who can fast, but with great hardship, who fears that fasting will worsen his/her/their chronic condition or illness. Such a person is justified in breaking fast. According to most opinions, this person “must” break the fast.