TL;DR: The muggles would win, unless the wizards maintain the element of surprise, but most individual wizards who want to escape the muggles will be able to. First off, we should consider whether the author has anything to say about this debate, but in fact J. K. Rowling has said very little.
Its well established that wizards could never win a war against muggles. According to Rowling a muggle with a shotgun is more dangerous than a deatheater (in general) because you can dodge the killing curse but not bullets. That plus the population difference means that Voldemort could never win a war versus muggles.
Wizards and Muggles are the same species. As to whether wizards are superior to Muggles, I'd say no. Wizards have the ability to do magic, but it's a trade-off, as Muggles have developed technologies that equal or surpass the practical use of most magic. In general, Muggles seem more motivated towards innovation.
Mary Lou Barebone. The most powerful muggle is Mary Lou Barebone from the Harry Potter spin-off Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them.
Lord Voldemort
Tom Marvolo Riddle started both Wizarding Wars, created the Death Eaters and killed Harry Potter's parents. We could go on – he was the most dangerous Dark wizard of all time – but we won't. His horrific achievements are well known.
The most prominent Muggle-born in the Harry Potter series is Hermione Granger, who was born to Muggles of undisclosed names. Witches and wizards with all-magical heritage are called pure bloods.
Harry James Potter holds half-blood status in Rowling's imagined wizarding world because his mother is Muggle-born and his father is pure-blood. There are three main blood statuses; pure-blood, half-blood, and Muggle-born, which are all methods of determining a witch or wizard's magical lineage.
Yes, although we haven't met any in the seven Harry Potter novels. The Pottermore introduction to Slytherin says: […] we have traditionally tended to take students who come from long lines of witches and wizards, but nowadays you'll find plenty of people in Slytherin house who have at least one Muggle parent.
It is certainly true that wizards have power and ability beyond your average muggle. Yet, if wizards could be killed by non-wizards, it is not too much of a stretch to suggest that a muggle could injure or even kill a wizard themselves.
Harry became so enamoured with the spell that he eventually used it to finish off Lord Voldemort. Here's how Harry's relationship with Expelliarmus became his signature – and why that's a good and bad thing.
Hermione could beat Dumbledore any day if she wanted to. She's one of the most brilliant minds of her generation; like any good Gryffindor, she's brave, loyal, and strong. She mastered advanced spells at a young age, could make any potion perfectly, and her quick thinking saved her, Ron, and Harry more than once.
The diary. Lord Voldemort's first Horcrux was created when he was still at Hogwarts, known then as Tom Riddle. After murdering a schoolgirl called Myrtle, with the help of the ancient monster that dwelled within the castle, the Basilisk, his soul was split for the first time.
A Muggle gaining one wouldn't just effectively have a stick in their hand but could produce an uncontrollable magical effect. Muggles can't necessarily perform magic, but with a wand, they could cause some to manifest in an uncontrollable manner.
If a Muggle were to look at Hogwarts, for example, all they would see is a ruin with signs telling them to keep out. Some magical locations are sequestered entirely from the Muggle world – with Diagon Alley, in particular, being accessible through a number of gateways between the two worlds.
Diagon Alley is a high street located in London. It is accessible to the wizarding world, to which it is something of an economic hub, but hidden from Muggles (non-magical people). However, Muggles are allowed access to it if they need to accompany their Muggle-born magical children.
"Pure-blood" is the term applied to wizards and witches who have no Muggle blood, Muggle-borns, or half-bloods at all in their family trees. They are the rarest of the three blood statuses, with J.K. Rowling stating that ten per cent of the wizarding community is made up of pure-bloods.
Albus Potter goes to Hogwarts. He is Sorted into Slytherin House.
Because to a pureblood fanatic like Bellatrix, Harry is a Mudblood because one of his parents (Lily Evans) was a Muggleborn. Anyone with Muggle ancestry is one, including Snape since his father was a Muggle (Tobias).
Tom Riddle has a witch mother and a Muggle father, making him a half-blood wizard.
Lord Draco Lucius Malfoy (born 5 June 1980) is a pure-blood wizard; the second son and third child overall of Lucius Malfoy II and Narcissa Malfoy (née Black).
Professor Charity Burbage (d. July 1997) was a witch and the Professor of Muggle Studies at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, after the departure of the wizard who formerly held the post.
Hagrid was born to a wizard father and a giant mother, making him a half-giant.
He was a half-blood, Muggle-supporting wizard, the son of Percival and Kendra Dumbledore, and the elder brother of Aberforth and Ariana. His father died in Azkaban when Dumbledore was young, while his mother and sister were later accidentally killed.
We know the Elder Wand allied with Draco Malfoy, who disarmed rather than killed Albus Dumbledore. It later switched its loyalty to Harry Potter during his escape from Malfoy Manor. While deaths did occur in both situations (Dumbledore and Dobby respectively), neither Draco nor Harry committed the act.