The condition is named after the Italian actor Leopoldo Fregoli, who was renowned for his ability to make quick changes in his appearance during his stage acts. It was first reported in a paper by Courbon and Fail in 1927.
Capgras syndrome is the delusional belief that a friend, family member, etc., has been replaced by a twin impostor. Fregoli syndrome is the delusional belief that different people are in fact a single person who is in disguise.
Fregoli syndrome is the delusional belief that one or more familiar persons, usually persecutors following the patient, repeatedly change their appearance.
Fregoli delusion is the mistaken belief that some person currently present in the deluded person's environment (typically a stranger) is a familiar person in disguise.
CS is named after Joseph Capgras, a psychiatrist of French origin. In 1923, Joseph Capgras first defined the disorder in a paper that reported a case of a French-origin woman who complained that corresponding doubles had replaced her husband and other persons she knew.
1, 2 The Capgras syndrome was defined as a delusional psychiatric syndrome by Capgras and Reboul–Lachaux in 1923. In this syndrome, the subject believes that his/her relatives have been replaced by impostors, whereas in the Cotard syndrome, the patients deny their own existence or of a particular part of their body.
Folie à deux is defined as an identical or similar mental disorder affecting two or more individuals, usually the members of a close family. Two case reports of this condition are presented with a brief review of the literature. Prompt recognition of this condition is an essential step in the management.
Nature of the disease: Patients with Fregoli delusion believe that the many people around him or her are actually the same person in many different disguises. Capgras syndrome, on the other hand, causes the patient to think that someone who he or she interacts with on a daily basis has been replaced by an impostor.
Othello syndrome (OS) is a type of paranoid delusional jealousy, characterized by the false absolute certainty of the infidelity of a partner, leading to preoccupation with a partner's sexual unfaithfulness based on unfounded evidence (4).
Somatoparaphrenia is a delusional belief whereby a patient feels that a paralyzed limb does not belong to his body; the symptom is typically associated with unilateral neglect and most frequently with anosognosia for hemiplegia.
The Fregoli delusion was first described in 1927 by French authors Courbon and Fail. 2 They reported the case of a woman who believed that two famous actresses of the time (Sarah Bernhardt and Robine) were taking on the guise of different people such as friends, employers, and strangers in the street.
Reverse Capgras syndrome refers to the psychological change of the self as opposed to others. A study8 found that, of 30 subjects with this syndrome, most of the new identities were famous figures or others who were admired by the affected person.
Capgras syndrome, or delusion of doubles, is a delusional misidentification syndrome. [1] It is a syndrome characterized by a false belief of identical doubles of someone significant to the patient.
The complete mnemonic for both syndromes is: Capgras- You are NOT my wife! (You look like him and pretend you are him but you are fake [not him]) Fregoli- You are ALSO my wife!
Capgras syndrome (also called Capgras delusion) can be defined as a delusion when someone believes that the psychological entity of others is different though they are externally the same (delusion of doubles). [1] Such delusions have been reported in schizophrenia and other psychiatric illnesses.
Measures of jealousy
As we described above, delusional jealousy is a psychiatric phenomenon in which an individual has a delusional belief that their spouse (or sexual partner) is being unfaithful [6]. It is also known as morbid jealousy, pathological jealousy, conjugal paranoia, or Othello syndrome [6].
Erotomania is a form of delusional disorder in which an individual believes that another person, usually of higher status, is in love with him. It is a relatively rare condition, and while the incidence is unknown, the lifetime prevalence of delusional disorder is 0.2% [1].
Delusions of grandeur are one of the more common ones. It's when you believe that you have more power, wealth, smarts, or other grand traits than is true. Some people mistakenly call it “illusions” of grandeur.
De Clerambault syndrome is a psychological condition named after Gaetan Gatian De Clerambault in which the sufferer is under the delusion that a certain person is in love with him or her.
Also called de Clérambault syndrome, erotomania is rare. It can happen on its own. But it's usually linked to another mental health condition, like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. It can last for weeks or years.
This is because Fregoli patients nominate specific known person(s) as appearing in disguise. Most of the 38 Fregoli cases engaged in mental-state inferencing about the known person's motives.
Factitious disorder imposed on another (previously called Munchausen syndrome by proxy) is when someone falsely claims that another person has physical or psychological signs or symptoms of illness, or causes injury or disease in another person with the intention of deceiving others.
Folie simultanée – The simultaneous development of an identical delusion between two individuals with psychosis who may be closely associated. Folie communiquée – A normal person suffers from a delusional belief of a psychotic person after resisting it for a long time and then maintains it despite the separation.