Darth Vader can not use force lighting, because of his severed arms. Robotic hands can't summon the force lighting. However Darth Vader can still use other forms of the force, such as force choke.
Force lightning almost always required a living conduit for the energy to be channeled; thus Darth Vader, despite being an immensely powerful Sith Lord, was never able to properly employ this ability, as any attempt to generate it carried the risk of shorting out his life support systems.
Weakness: Electricity
Darth Vader possessed the skill to use Force lightning, but the limitations of his suit prevented this. A lot of the systems that were keeping Darth Vader alive were maintained by electricity, which is why Force lightning was so destructive towards him.
It's likely Kylo never learned how to summon Force Lightning
From what we learned from the Marvel Comics story on Kylo Ren and his upbringing, along with the information explained and even alluded to in the sequel trilogy — it's entirely likely that Kylo never completely learned how to harness Force lightning.
While Darth Vader doesn't use Force Lightning in the Star Wars films, the power played a key role in his story in the comics. Despite being considered one of the strongest wielders of the Dark Side of the Force, Darth Vader never uses Force Lightning in any of the films.
Some Jedi do not even need a lightsaber to block Force lightning, with Master Yoda catching it in his hands. There is some evidence he absorbed the power of Force lightning into himself, using it to boost his own Force power.
Gray Jedi commonly demonstrated their skills with both Light and Dark side Force capabilities. For example, the capacity to construct a lightsaber from scratch, along with unique Force talents such as Force lightning.
He may have assumed he would have more time to train Luke before then, or that Luke would be skilled enough to manage. Second it might be that Yoda was so at peace or so one with the force by his death that he either could foresee the outcome of the fight or was willing to accept things as they happened.
Despite being equally as strong in the Force, one innately Sith ability that Jedi in the Star Wars franchise do not wield is Force lightning. First introduced when Darth Sidious (Emperor Palpatine) electrocuted Luke Skywalker in Star Wars: Return of the Jedi, Force lightning is a powerful weapon for Sith.
Darth Vader's Insecurities are His Biggest Weaknesses
In the end, virtually all who have made the attempt to use Vader's cybernetic nature against him have ended up dead or defeated. The elite few who have had the upper hand, even before his conversion to mechanical monstrosity, have done so by dominating him mentally.
In a Vanity Fair interview from 2005, George Lucas went deeper into why Anakin became much weaker as Vader. In the interview, he explained that because Anakin's limbs were severed and replaced by robotics, it was harder for him to use the Force than it was before his battle with Obi-Wan.
Possibly the greatest improvement he ever made came in James Luceno's novel Dark Lord: The Rise of Darth Vader. Palpatine had informed Vader that he was aware that the suit was vulnerable to electrical attacks, notably his Force lightning. This led Vader to outfit his armor with electrical insulation.
1 Darth Sidious
There has been no Sith, as powerful, meticulous, nor as evil as the Emperor himself, Darth Sidious. As previously mentioned, Sidious trained in the Dark Side by Darth Plagueis before Sidious killed Plagueis in his sleep, making Sidious a Sith Master.
Given Rey's lineage as Palpatine's granddaughter, it is also reasonable to assume she is already better attuned to using Force Lightning than the average Force user, with Ben telling Rey that she has all of Palpatine's power within her at the beginning of The Rise of Skywalker.
Darth Plagueis Teaches Palpatine The Force (Animated)
Darth Vader can not use force lighting, because of his severed arms. Robotic hands can't summon the force lighting.
Force lightning, also known as Sith lightning or dark rays, was an offensive power that Force users could conjure through the dark side of the Force.
Quinlan Vos described the feeling of being struck by Dooku's lightning as both burning and freezing his limbs. Those who were harmed with Force lightning often writhed in pain with uncontrollable muscle spasms.
Why couldn't Maul produce Force Lightning? Because he was weak. “Darth” Maul isn't even a Sith, he's an assassin.
Rey's lightsaber was a yellow-bladed lightsaber that was constructed by the Jedi Rey Skywalker following the First Order-Resistance War.
Kylo Ren is one of the primary antagonists of Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker and a powerful dark side user, but he notably couldn't use Force lightning while Rey, a Jedi who rejected the dark side, could.
The shading purple speaks to moral uncertainty, reconstruction, and recovery. Therefore, the individuals that used a purple lightsaber generally shared an affinity with both the Light and Dark sides of the Force.