If your dog has any heartworm symptoms, take him to a veterinarian for an exam. The vet will use a stethoscope to listen to your dog's heart rate and rhythm, as well as his lung sounds. Your dog's blood will also be tested for heartworm infection.
A veterinarian uses blood tests to check a dog for heartworms. An antigen test detects specific heartworm proteins, called antigens, which are released by adult female heartworms into the dog's bloodstream. In most cases, antigen tests can accurately detect infections with one or more adult female heartworms.
Late-stage symptoms of heartworm disease
Consistent signs of late-stage heartworm disease include: Abnormal sounds within the dog's lungs.
Lethargy and reluctance to exercise are also common signs described in dogs with heartworm disease. If your pet loses interest in going for walks or is fatigued after activity, it may be a sign of heartworm disease. Some dogs have a decreased appetite and, as a result, lose weight.
Once mature, heartworms can live for 5 to 7 years in dogs and up to 2 or 3 years in cats. Because of the longevity of these worms, each mosquito season can lead to an increasing number of worms in an infected pet.
The four clinical stages of heartworm begin when your dog has already become infected and the heartworms are present in the dog's heart: Stage 1: In dogs, the first stage of heartworm will typically be symptom free. In this stage the heartworms are present and settling into the heart.
Panting, Shallow Breathing
Also, as the heartworms block vessels, the areas around these vessels will see fluid build-up, making it even harder for your dog to breathe and get oxygen, causing him to take more shallow, rapid breaths.
Heartworm disease in dogs is known as a silent killer, because it can take months before your dog shows symptoms. In the early stages of infection, most dogs show little to no symptoms at all, and the more the disease progresses, the more likely apparent symptoms will develop.
Not all dogs with heartworm disease develop into stage 4. But if it is left untreated, heartworm disease will progress and damage the dog's heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys, eventually causing death.
“Remember that the heartworm can stay alive up to six years in the dog,” she states. “In early stages without lung and heart failure, 98 percent of dogs will be cleared of heartworm with an intensive three-dose protocol. But the very best prognosis comes from regular prevention year-round.”
But your dog's normal physical activities must be restricted as soon as the diagnosis is confirmed, because physical exertion increases the rate at which the heartworms cause damage in the heart and lungs. The more severe the symptoms, the less activity your dog should have.
Abaxis Heartworm Test Kit easily detects the heartworm antigen in your pet's serum, plasma or whole blood. This heartworm test for dogs and cats is highly sensitive and provides fast and easy-to-read results in just 10 minutes.
Dogs with heartworm disease can live high-quality lives as long as they are given appropriate care. After completing treatment and following your veterinarian's recommenda- tions on heartworm disease testing and prevention, the chances of any long-term effects are very low.
Circulating heartworm antigen appears in the blood as early as five months post-infection in a small percentage of dogs, but most dogs are not antigen positive until seven months post-infection. Yes, contrary to popular belief, a dog infected six months previously can be negative on an antigen test.
Myth #3: If my pet has heartworms, I will see them in her feces. Although many worm types, such as roundworms and tiny hookworms, are shed in your pet's feces, heartworms do not live in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and are not found in feces.
Heartworm disease is a common disease in dogs, cats, and ferrets that is preventable and treatable (if caught early).
They can be controlled naturally with citrus oils, cedar oils, and diatomaceous earth. Dogs needing conventional treatment may benefit from herbs such as milk thistle and homeopathics such as berberis; these minimize toxicity from the medications and dying heartworms.
If owners can't afford treatment at the time of diagnosis, Dr. Herrin recommended delaying melarsomine therapy but still initiating treatment with both a preventive and doxycycline. This will prevent further infection and remove the dog as a heartworm reservoir.
Your dog can feel the discomfort that goes hand-in-hand with the heartworms hatching from larvae stages into adulthood. They can also feel them migrating from one spot to another inside their body, specifically if they're affecting your dog's lungs and breathing.
Heartworm causes a dry, persistent loud cough in dogs because of the parasite's ability to travel throughout the body. As the parasites travel, they find themselves in dogs' lungs, which creates a blockage and makes it difficult for your dog to breathe.
Heartworm disease can also lead to liver or kidney failure. Dogs that are exposed to a large number of infective larvae at once are at great risk of sudden death due to massive numbers of developing larvae bombarding the vascular system.
Stage 3 — In this stage, you can detect definite signs of adult heartworms in the heart and vessels. They are like long strands of spaghetti growing in the heart. A dog will become increasingly lethargic and start coughing more with the possibility of coughing up blood.
Consequently, the disease is diagnosed mainly in two- to eight-year-old dogs. The disease is rare in dogs less than one year of age, because the microfilariae take 5 to 7 months to mature into adult heartworms after infection. Unfortunately, by the time clinical signs are seen, the disease is usually well advanced.
There is some risk involved in treating dogs with heartworms, although fatalities are rare. "A new drug is available that does not have as many side effects, allowing successful treatment of more than 95% of dogs with heartworms."