Dogs with heartworm disease can live high-quality lives as long as they are given appropriate care. After completing treatment and following your veterinarian's recommenda- tions on heartworm disease testing and prevention, the chances of any long-term effects are very low.
How long after heartworm treatment can a dog be active? According to Dr. Marteney, your dog will have to wait about six months after his diagnosis before he can get back to all his favorite activities.
Approximately 6 months after treatment is completed, your veterinarian will perform a heartworm test to confirm that all heartworms have been eliminated. To avoid the possibility of your dog contracting heartworm disease again, you will want to administer heartworm prevention year-round for the rest of his life.
In general, however, it is thought that heartworms can significantly shorten a dog's life expectancy. For the most part, treatment will not kill the worms—it only decreases their lifespan. This means that an infected dog's lifespan will be reduced by around 6 years or less depending on the severity of the infection.
Heartworm disease causes lasting damage to the heart, lungs and arteries, and can affect the dog's health and quality of life long after the parasites are gone.
A new drug is available that does not have as many side effects, allowing successful treatment of more than 95% of dogs with heartworms. Many dogs have advanced heartworm disease at the time they are diagnosed.
After treatment, the adult worms die and are carried by the blood to the lungs where they lodge in small blood vessels. There they decompose and are absorbed by the body over a period of several months. Reactions to the drugs are not uncommon, and there is always some risk involved in treating a dog for heartworms.
Not every aspiring pet owner is equipped to provide the extra care a special-needs pet requires; however, with proper treatment, heartworm-positive pets can be excellent candidates for adoption.
Once the microfilariae start circulating through a dog's blood, they have become a host and are able to pass the disease back to mosquitos. The heartworms will continue to live in the heart until they die—typically 5-7 years.
There should be no physical activity for 6 weeks or until cleared by the veterinarian. No play, no running. Active dogs that have a hard time resting after treatment, may be prescribed calming meds during recovery. The recovery period is a great time to train the brain.
Treatment Requires a Vet's Help
Once a positive test is confirmed, our veterinarians (in alignment with the American Heartworm Society) recommend treating adult heartworm infections with 3 treatments (injections) of a drug called melarsomine.
What they do is prevent a major infestation. In fact, if a dog has a mild heartworm infestation, a veterinarian might recommend treating it with a heartworm preventative over a course of several months.
Pets infected by heartworm develop pathology, even when only a few worms are present. And while treatment can eliminate an infection, it cannot necessarily reverse the resultant damage. Routine, persistent prevention represents the only approach to avoiding the disease caused by heartworms.
Heartworm preventives do not kill adult heartworms. Also, giving a heartworm preventive to a dog infected with adult heartworms may be harmful or deadly. If microfilariae are in the dog's bloodstream, the preventive may cause the microfilariae to suddenly die, triggering a shock-like reaction and possibly death.
Treatment for heartworm can cause serious complications for your pet's health and can be potentially toxic to the dog's body. Many dogs experience soreness and swelling at the site of their injections. The most severe side effects are related to a large number of worms suddenly dying.
Many people believe that thanks to advances in heartworm prevention in the past decade, heartworm is rarely found in Australia.
There is no reason to allow running, jumping, or other physical activity at any time for 8 weeks after the start of the injectable heartworm adulticide treatment.
Once treated, the heartworms die slowly and begin to dissolve, taking several weeks. Three to four weeks later, your dog will begin phase two to get rid of the baby heartworms. Following that, continued checkups and testing continues, and your canine pal will be placed on heartworm preventative medication.
Twenty-six dogs (52%) experienced minor complications, such as injection site reactions, gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, diarrhea, inappetance), and behavioral changes (lethargy, depression) during or after heartworm treatment.
The melarsomine injections are pretty painful for dogs, which means you'll need to give your dog even more medication. “The injection is painful,” Dr. Marteney said.
“No running, jumping, playing or high-impact exercise as these activities may cause the worms to break loose and cause significant harm to the pet being treated.”
Make sure heartworm positive dogs are crated near other calm dogs. Cage rest does not have to mean isolation, they need to feel connected, not alone. Allow for short breaks for a stroll around the yard and continue to encourage sniffing and gentle exploration.
Once your dog has completed the course of steroids, heartworm preventive and antibiotics, he should be ready to start the actual adult heartworm treatment. The treatment for heartworm disease takes at least 60 days to complete and consists of a series of drug injections that kills the worms.
The dog's immune system must break down the dead worms, an elimination process which is very effective but does take some time. While that immune process is taking place, fragments of dead heartworms are circulating in the blood stream.
n A new infection is possible if the monthly preventive was dosed incorrectly, or a dose was missed or accidently not ingested by the dog. Also, the monthly prevention should be started three weeks following the last treatment injection; if there was a delay a new infection is more likely.