Benign lung nodules differ from malignant nodules in that they: Won't spread to other parts of the body. Can grow slowly, stop growing, or shrink.
The Mechanics of Pulmonary Nodules
There is very little growth or change, if there's any at all. Cancerous pulmonary nodules, however, are known to grow relatively quickly—usually doubling in size every four months but sometimes as fast as every 25 days.
Compared to their cancerous counterparts, benign lung nodules will not spread to multiple parts of the body (metastasis) and are typically not life-threatening. Sometimes, these nodules may be inflammatory in nature and can shrink or spontaneously disappear by the time of your next scan.
Abstract. Objectives: Although ground glass nodules (GGNs) are generally considered to grow slowly to a large size, their natural progression remains unclear, and a decrease in tumor size has been reported in a few previous studies.
The most common causes of lung nodules are inflamed tissue due to an infection or inflammation (called granulomas) or benign lung tumors (such as hamartomas). Less common, malignant lung nodules are typically caused by lung cancer or other cancers that have spread to the lungs (metastatic cancer).
Size of the nodule: Your healthcare provider may chart the rate of growth of your nodule. The smaller the nodule, the more likely it is to be benign. Also, benign nodules grow very slowly, if at all, while cancerous nodules on average can double in size every four months or less.
A 2018 study found that the median doubling time varies by type of NSCLC: Adenocarcinomas had a median doubling time of 261 days. Squamous cell carcinomas had a median doubling time of 70 days. Other lung cancers, which included large cell carcinomas and SCLC, also had a median doubling time of 70 days.
Several studies have reported the natural history of thyroid nodules [21-23]. Size reduction or nodule disappearance in 52% of untreated, benign thyroid nodules has been reported, and these changes were more frequently observed in cystic nodules [23].
Patients whose nodules are filled with fluid (cystic) do not do as well with radiofrequency ablation. Instead, we can offer alcohol ablation, also known as percutaneous ethanol injection, to drain the nodule and inject it with alcohol, causing the nodule to shrink over time.
These abnormal growths are rarely cancerous. Respiratory illnesses and infections can cause nodules to form in the lungs. Most lung nodules are not a sign of lung cancer and don't require treatment. On X-rays or scans, these growths may look like a shadow or spot on the lung.
Most cancers grow fairly slowly; it takes several months for them to get bigger. So even if the nodule is lung cancer, it will likely still be small in a few months. Also, even if the nodule is lung cancer that is growing, there is a very good chance that surgery will cure you.
Since few studies investigated the growth rate of pulmonary nodules, we defined the growth rate of pulmonary nodules according to previous studies. Most studies defined pulmonary nodules with a VDT >400 days and VDT ≤400 days as slow-growing and fast-growing pulmonary nodules, respectively (11, 19).
Results: The 3-year overall survival rate of the atients with malignant solitary pulmonary nodules was 93.6%, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 89.8%.
Generally, benign tumors grow slowly, but they can sometimes stop growing or may even shrink. These tumors usually don't require removal or treatment and aren't life-threatening. While lung tumors may grow and press upon neighboring tissue, they won't invade, eradicate, or replace them.
Location. Location of nodules in the lung is another important predictor as nodules on the upper lobes are more likely to be malignant. Although etiology of this predilection is unclear, higher concentration of inhaled carcinogens could be a possibility.
Nodules between 6 mm and 10 mm need to be carefully assessed. Nodules greater than 10 mm in diameter should be biopsied or removed due to the 80 percent probability that they are malignant. Nodules greater than 3 cm are referred to as lung masses.
If a nodule is benign it is very likely that it will remain benign during follow-up, even if it grows.” While screening nodules is crucial for early cancer detection, the ATA reports that more than 90 percent of nodules remain noncancerous.
Radioactive iodine.
Doctors use radioactive iodine to treat hyperthyroidism. Taken as a capsule or in liquid form, radioactive iodine is absorbed by your thyroid gland. This causes the nodules to shrink and signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism to subside, usually within two to three months.
A newer alternative that the doctor can use to treat benign nodules in an office setting is called radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Radiofrequency ablation uses a probe to access the benign nodule under ultrasound guidance, and then treats it with electrical current and heat that shrinks the nodule.
Resolving pulmonary nodules were mostly < or =10 mm, peripherally located, solid, well-defined, and non-lobulated. Most resolve completely within a variable interval ranging from several days to years.
Most nodules are benign. However, nodules can be cancerous. If a nodule grows rapidly or persists for a long time, seek a medical evaluation.
This would determine the growth rate; tumors were deemed fast growing (fewer than 400 days), slow-growing (between 400 and 599 days) or indolent (600 days or longer).
Positron emission tomography (PET) scan: The PET scan will light up the nodule if it is rapidly growing or active. The brighter the nodule appears on the PET scan, the more likely that it is cancer. The PET scan also looks at the rest of the body and can identify if the cancer has spread.
Lobectomy is the removal (resection) of the lobe of the lung affected by lung cancer. This is the most commonly performed lung cancer surgery. A bilobectomy is the removal of two lobes and is only done for tumors of the right lung where the tumor involves two adjacent lobes.
A CT scan usually isn't enough to tell whether a lung nodule is a benign tumor or a cancerous lump. A biopsy is the only way to confirm a lung cancer diagnosis.