Isildur cut the One Ring from Sauron's hand and kept it, refusing to destroy it; he was later killed in an ambush, and the Ring was lost for centuries. During this time, the Elves were able to use the Three Rings, while the Nine given to the leaders of Men corrupted their wearers and turned them into the Nazgûl.
It was only thanks to Celebrimbor's own secret rings that the elves manage to avoid the same calamitous fate, because although the rings are still linked to Sauron, they were not filled with his malice and hate, but they did still present a channel through which the elves could hear Sauron whispering (similar to how ...
Sauron didn't make any of the rings of power except for the One Ring. He seized the rest from the elven smiths who made them with the exception of the three which were hidden. He definitely didn't offer any rings to the elves, he only guided them in making them.
Firstly, while Sauron was still disguised as Annatar, he taught Celebrimbor and the Elven smiths how to make the Rings of Power. It is possible that therefore, Sauron, sneaky as he is, snuck in a condition that the Rings created would only be powerful as long as he was.
Tolkien suggested that Sauron did not discover where the Three were hidden, though he guessed that they were given to Gil-galad and Galadriel.
Sauron (Sala Baker) directly made only one of the 20 rings, the famed "one ring to rule them all," although he assisted in the creation of the nine rings for mortal men and the seven rings for the dwarves. The three rings for the elven-kings were forged alone by Celebrimbor, with knowledge obtained from Sauron.
Sauron was a highly gifted Maia, originally an apprentice of Aulë, who became skilled at crafting and making. Coveting the power through which he would coordinate all things according to his own will, he joined with Melkor.
Ring-maker
Later, someone naming himself Annatar arrived in Eregion. He appeared to be an Elf, and claimed he has been sent by the Valar to share his wisdom and skills in ring-craft and jewelry for the benefit of all Middle-earth; but in fact he was the Dark Lord Sauron in disguise.
While Sauron's One Ring is built around domination, the elven rings are built around preservation. As Elrond says at the council in Rivendell, "those who made them did not desire strength or domination or hoarded wealth, but understanding, making, and healing, to preserve all things unstained.
Unlike Men and Dwarves, Elves are immortal, though they can be killed in battle. If so, their souls go to the Halls of Mandos in Aman. After a long life in Middle-earth, Elves yearn for the Earthly Paradise of Valinor, and can sail there from the Grey Havens. They feature in The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.
Another aspect that the series explores is the decision to forge three rings. As Galadriel, Celebrimbor, and Elrond (Robert Aramayo) discuss after the process has already started, it is a way of preventing the concentration of power in a single being's hands.
Sauron wants Galadriel to become his queen because she's useful, says Vickers. As he's already shown, Sauron can accomplish his objectives much more quickly when he has a highly regarded Elf warrior to get him into places like Numenor and Eregion (where Celebrimbor lives).
In the Third Age, Círdan gave the ring to Gandalf for his labours. According to the Unfinished Tales, at the start of the War of the Elves and Sauron Celebrimbor gave Narya together with the Ring Vilya to Gil-galad, High King of the Noldor.
During the Second Age of Middle-earth, the blacksmith Celebrimbor crafted the ring Narya, completely free of Sauron's influence. The ring was gifted to an Elven High-King and passed down through generations. Upon meeting Gandalf, an Elven descendant gifted him the ring to aid in his protection of Middle-earth.
Galadriel has very strong magical powers, and she is said to be the greatest of the Ñoldor after Fëanor. The majority of her powers come from her Ring of Power, Nenya, the Ring of Water.
She already feels an outcast after Gil-galad tried to send her back to the Undying Lands, and she fears that if she reveals what she has done, it will be the final nail in the coffin. Instead, when Elrond pulls her from the river Glanduin, and she races back inside to Celebrimbor's forge, she chooses to stay silent.
Elrond discovered the scroll that revealed that Halbrand couldn't be King of the Southlanders, so it's likely that he realized that Halbrand was Sauron and that he escaped. Knowing that Sauron is on the loose, he could warn the dwarves of the growing evil and encourage them to forge their own rings.
Sauron is immortal and elusive, and even without the Ring he can breed armies of orcs and fortify places like Mordor and Dol Guldur. Galadriel most likely couldn't fight her way to Barad-Dur, and even if she did and destroyed Sauron in his physical form he would eventually create a new one.
Mordor Orcs refer to the Orcs that Sauron bred for his own army. The first Dark Lord Melkor took hostage some Elves from Cuiviénen. He tortured them, beat them, and broke their bodies into the first deformed and twisted beings known as Orcs.
Sauron began his days as Mairon (“the admirable”), a powerful Maia—spirits who came to Arda to help the Valar shape the world. (Other Maia include Gandalf and Saruman.) He was a pure and orderly being in the beginning, who studied the craft of forging. But he grew selfish, and eventually aligned himself with Morgoth.
As one of the nine Nazgûl, Isildur was forced to serve the Dark Lord for all time until he was defeated and freed by Talion. The ranger later claimed his ring to survive after Celebrimbor abandoned him and eventually took Isildur's place among the Nazgûl after holding back Sauron's forces for decades.
Sauron intended it to be the most powerful of all Rings, able to rule and control those who wore the others. Since the other Rings were powerful on their own, Sauron was obliged to place much of his own power into the One to achieve his purpose. Creating the Ring simultaneously strengthened and weakened Sauron.
The One Ring
Forged by Sauron to control the wearers of all the other Rings of Power, this was the most powerful Ring in the history of Lord Of the Rings. The One Ring had a peculiar ability to seek out the strongest of suitors. The stronger its wielder was, the quicker the One Ring managed to corrupt him.
As soon as the Mystics realize the Stranger isn't Sauron, they label him an "Istar." With this label, and several other hints throughout the episode and the season, The Rings of Power has all but confirmed that the Stranger is everyone's favorite wizard: Gandalf the Grey.
Therefore, it is quite plausible that Saruman didn't take the ring when he had Gandalf captive, simply because he didn't know it was there. Another explanation could be that Saruma knew Gandalf could possess the ring, but he didn't feel that it was worth taking.