Research indicates that SSRIs might help reduce the intensity and frequency of these autism-related behaviors: repetitive actions. anxiety. irritability.
Clinical experience suggests that one type, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors or SSRIs, “are useful and generally safe” in autism, according to an article by psychiatrists at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. SSRIs, which include Prozac and Zoloft, are also used to treat some anxiety disorders.
Similarly, a few small studies of adults with autism found that Luvox may help with obsessive-compulsive behavior, and fluoxetine (Prozac) with anxiety, according to the Cochrane Collaboration, an independent network of scientists and researchers.
The only medications approved by the FDA for children with autism are Abilify and Risperdal. Both are antipsychotic medications that can help with irritability and aggression. Medication can also be helpful for kids who also have another diagnosis.
The risk of autism from taking antidepressants is small, if it exists at all. And severe depression during pregnancy or afterward can be harmful to both the mother and the child. But the risk-benefit analysis for the drugs will be different for each woman.
These levels have a genetic link, as they are inheritable. People with autism have a variant in their gut serotonin transporter which boosts the amount of serotonin into the blood. Conversely, individuals with autism have lower levels of serotonin in the brain than neurotypical individuals.
There is some evidence to support the use of talking therapy with autistic people, such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). CBT has been adapted for autistic people but more research is needed to understand how effective it is at treating depression. Find out more about CBT on our page about anxiety and autism.
For those with autism, anxiety drugs are best used in combination with behavioral interventions. Among high-functioning individuals, they may be particularly effective when combined with cognitive behavioral therapy.
Risperidone (Risperdal) and Aripiprazole (Abilify) are the only drugs approved by the FDA for children with autism spectrum disorder. Risperidone can be prescribed for children between 5 and 16 years old to help with irritability and aggression. Aripiprazole can be prescribed for children between 6 and 17 years old.
Talking therapy
Talking to a therapist can help you find ways to cope with difficult situations, identify techniques to help you relax or support you in your relationships. Clinical trials have shown that cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is effective for anxiety disorders in children and young people with autism.
Mood stabilizing autism medication
Lithium, Lamictal, Depakene, Depakote, Tegretol, Topamax, Trileptal, and Keppra are options to explore with your child's pediatrician.
Certain types of medications can help manage severe Asperger's symptoms or related conditions. These medications include: Antidepressants (SSRIs or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors). Anti-psychotics.
Some studies point to low serotonin levels in the brains of autistic people. When autistic adults adopt a diet low in the amino acid tryptophan — the raw material for serotonin — their repetitive behaviors worsen and their irritability increases7.
Behavioral Therapy
Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) and related therapies are usually considered to be the "gold standard" of autism-specific treatment. Many districts offer ABA classrooms or provide ABA therapists as part of the school's disability program.
Risperdal is an antipsychotic medication given to kids who have extreme behavior problems like being very aggressive or angry. It's sometimes used for kids with autism, ADHD or ODD (oppositional defiant disorder) who are acting out in dangerous ways.
Stimulants like Ritalin and Concerta are prescribed to help children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). They can also reduce hyperactive behaviour in some, but not all, autistic children. This might allow children to concentrate on tasks for longer and think more before they act.
Why might autistic people experience anxiety? Even though it is not part of the autism diagnostic criteria, many autistic people experience high levels of anxiety. Research varies but the consensus suggests that it might be common for around 40-50% of autistic people to receive a clinical diagnosis of anxiety.
Specific phobias are the most common form of anxiety disorder among people with autism. A person with a phobia experiences extreme distress when exposed to a specific stimulus or situation. Obsessive-Compulsive disorder and social anxiety disorder also occur frequently.
Differences in understanding social situations and relationships, and being misunderstood or not accepted by non-autistic people can all increase anxiety and stress. This can lead to low self-esteem, social isolation and loneliness. These can all contribute to depression.
Rather than looking tired and sad, a depressed person who has autism may be irritable or agitated, or have emotional outbursts, according to research. Unfortunately, there are no lab tests or scans for depression. Doctors typically rely on a patient's ability to describe his feelings.
Signs of High-Functioning Autism in Children
May appear more mature for their age and have above-average intelligence. A tendency to avoid eye contact. Trouble deviating from a routine or adapting to changes. Trouble making friends and maintaining social relationships or not “fitting in” with peers.
Anatomical brain abnormalities, genetic anomalies, and neurochemical dysfunctions of various neurotransmitters and neuropeptides including GABA and glutamate, serotonin, dopamine, N-acetyl aspartate, oxytocin, arginine-vasopressin, melatonin, vitamin D, orexin, opioids, and acetylcholine contribute to the onset of ...
Additionally, there is evidence that ASD is related to the general hypoactivation of the reward system (31). New genetic research has discovered genetic variants and mutations of dopamine transporter (DAT) that alter dopamine transmission and consequently lead to ASD-like behavior patterns (32, 33).
People with autism spectrum disorder are sometimes said to lack empathy (the ability to feel along with others) and/or sympathy (the ability to feel for others). While this stereotype is often used to describe all people with autism, these challenges are not experienced by everyone on the spectrum.